Implementing Physics Metacognition Learning (IPML) Model untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Pemecahan Masalah dan Pengetahuan Metakognisi Siswa SMA

 Implementing Physics Metacognition Learning (IPML) Model to Improve the Problem Solving Skill and Students’ Metacognition Skill at State Senior High School

Penelitian ini betujuan untuk menghasilkan model dan perangkat yang memenuhi syarat valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan pemecahan masalah dan kemampuan metakognisi siswa SMA. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah  desain penelitian pengembangan Borg dan Goll dilaksanakan melalui tiga tahapan, yaitu: studi pendahuluan, desain dan uji coba, serta implementasi pengembangan. Model dan perangkat IPML telah melalui tahapan validasi pakar pada  Forum Group Discussion. Uji coba terbatas dan uji skala luas 1dilaksanakan SMA Negeri 8 Kecamatan Sungai Kunjang dengan jumlah siswa 35 orang pada uji coba terbatas dan 105 orang pada uji skala luas 1. Sedangkan pada uji skala luas 2 dilakukan pada siswa sejumlah 315 orang dengan rincian 105 orang di SMA Negeri  10 Kecamatan Samarinda Seberang, 105 orang di SMA Negeri 3 Kecamatan Samarinda Ulu, dan 105 orang di SMA Negeri 14 Kecamatan Loa Bakung. Sekolah tempat penelitian adalah sekolah dengan predikat akreditasi A. Tahapan uji coba menggunakan pretest-posttest group design. Ketiga kelompok diberikan pretest dan posttest sebelum dan setelah pengunaan IPM. Pengumpulan data melalui teknik validasi, observasi, dokumentasi, tes, angket, wawancara. Pengujian validitas, reliabiltas data melalui Cronbach’s Alpha untuk melihat Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) meliputi Single Measure (𝑟∝) untuk validitas dan Average Measure (α) dengan syarat untuk data sebesar N, valid jika 𝑟∝ > 𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 dan reliabel jika 0,60 ≤ 𝛼 ≤ 1,00. Analisis dampak model IPML dengan data validitas isi dan konstruk dianalisis dengan program statistik SPSS dan program Excel. Data pretest  dan posttest dianalisis dengan uji pair t-test, n-gain, dan Anova  dengan  signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan model dan perangkat model IPML telah  memenuhi syarat valid secara isi dan konstruk berdasarkan hasil validasi pakar fisika dan pendidikan melalui kegiatan Focus Group Discussion. Model IPML memenuhi syarat minimal praktis dengan keterlaksanaan dan aktivitas siswa dengan berkategori baik. Model IPML efektif meningkatkan keterampilan pemecahan masalah dan metakognisi siswa SMA dengan capaian rata-rata n-gain  konsisten  untuk semua kelas dan n-gain berkategori tinggi dan respon siswa memperoleh nilai koefisien validitas yang tinggi dan seluruh respon siswa berkategori kuat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa model IPML berkategori valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan pemecahan masalah (KPM) dan pengetahuan metakognisi (PM) siswa SMA. 

Kata-kata Kunci: Model IPML, Keterampilan Pemecahan Masalah dan Pengetahuan Metakognisi 

Abstrack: This research is aimed to develope valid, practical, and effective learning model and instrument in order to improve problem solving skill and metacognition skill of Senior High School Students. This research applied Borg and Gall research development design which is implemented into three phases, namely; pre study, design and trial and also implementation. IPML model and instrument had been validated by the experts through Forum Group Discussion (FGD). Small group trial and the first field trial had been done in Negeri 8 Senior High School by involving 35 students for small group trial, and 105 students for the first field trial. Meanwhile, the second field trial had involved 315 students consisted of 105 students from Negeri 10 Senior High School of Samarinda, 105 students from Negeri 3 Senior High School of Samarinda and 105 students from Negeri 14 Senior High School. Those schools are accredited A. The phases of trial had been divided into pretest and posttest design group. The three groups had had given pretest and posttest before and after the uses of IPML. Data collection process had been done through validation, observation, documentation, test, questioner distribution, and interview. Data validity test had been done using Cronbach’s Alpha in order to know the Interclass Correlation Coefficient covered Single Measurement (𝑟∝) for validity and for N data, it is considered valid if 𝑟∝ > 𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙. The impact of IPML model had been analyzed using content validity data while he construct had been analyzed using SPSS. Moreover, pretest and posttest data had been analyzed using pair t-test, n-gain and anova test with 5% significance. This research finding showed that IPML model and instrument had met content and construct validity criteria based on the validation data collected from physics and education experts who participated in FGD. IPML model was effective in improving problem solving skill and metacognition skill with consistent n-gain average achievement for all classes, high categorized n-gain and high validity coefficient for students’ response scores in which all the students’ responses are categorized strong. Based on the research finding, it might be concluded that IPML model is categorized valid, practical, and effective in improving KPM and PM of Senior High School Students.

Keywords: IPML Model, Problem Solving Skills and Students’ Metacognition Knowledge.