TRANSITIVITAS DAN IDEOLOGI TEKS PIDATO NADIEM MAKARIM DALAM SERI MERDEKA BELAJAR: ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS NORMAN FAIRCLOUGH

TRANSITIVITY AND IDEOLOGY OF NADIEM MAKARIM SPEECH TEXT IN THE INDEPENDENT LEARNING CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS: NORMAN FAIRCLOUGH

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini dilatarabelakangi oleh pidato yang merupakan suatu wacana. Dalam memahami wacana terdapat suatu teks yang tidak terlepas dari konteksnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis sistem transitivitas dalam teks pidato Nadiem Makarim, (2) menganalisis ideologi yang tercermin dalam teks pidato. Pendekatan yang digunakan penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif (campuran) memadukan teori Linguistik Sistemik Fungsional Haliday sebagai kerangka kerja konseptual dan Analisis Wacana Kritis Fairclough sebagai kerangka kerja analisis.

Penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa langkah metode dokumentasi dalam pengumpulan data teks pidato, kemudian menggunakan teknik pengelompokan data teks pidato dengan cara memilah kata, klausa atau kalimat. Hasil penelitian ini mendeskripsikan bahwa,terdapat: (1) sistem transitivitas yang sering muncul adalah proses verbal sebanyak 102 kali (38,05%), proses material sebanyak 58 kali (21,64%), dan proses mental sebanyak 47 kali (17,54%); (2) Konstrksi ideologi dalam teks pidato Hari Guru Nasional 2019, Hari Guru Nasional 2020, Hari Guru Nasional 2021 tercermin dalam bentuk upaya kemendikbud melakukan legitimasi dalam kesetaraan para peserta didik bagi kesejahteraan para pendidik yang hendak di berlakukan melalui arahan mengenai merdeka belajar. Pemilihan kata yang direpresentasikan dalam ketiga wacana serta menonjolkan aspek lingual serta implisit Kemendikbud mengarahkan pada praktik ideologi.

ABSTRACT

This research is motivated by speech which is a discourse. In understanding discourse, there is a text that cannot be separated from its context. This study aims to (1) analyze the transitivity system in the text of Nadiem Makarim's speech, (2) analyze the ideology reflected in the text of the speech. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative and quantitative (mixed) combining Haliday's theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics as a conceptual framework and Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis as an analytical framework. This study uses several steps of the documentation method in collecting speech text data, then uses speech text data grouping techniques by sorting words, clauses or sentences. The results of this study describe that, there are: (1) transitivity systems that often appear are verbal processes as much as 102 times (38.05%), material processes as much as 58 times (21.64%), and mental processes as much as 47 times (17. 54%); (2) The ideological construction in the speech text of National Teacher's Day 2019, National Teacher's Day 2020, National Teacher's Day 2021 is reflected in the form of the Ministry of Education and Culture's efforts to legitimize the equality of students for the welfare of educators which will be implemented through directives regarding independent learning. The choice of words represented in the three discourses and highlighting the lingual and implicit aspects of the Ministry of Education and Culture leads to the practice of ideology.

Keywords: critical discourse analysis, transitivity, ideology, speech.