REALISME MAGIS SAJRONE NOVEL SUMIRAT ING MRIPAT ANGGITANE IRUL S. BUDIANTO (TINTINGAN TEORI WENDY B. FARIS)

Magical Realism in the Novel Sumirat ing Mripat by Irul S. Budianto (A Study Based on Wendy B. Faris’s Theory)

Realisme magis merupakan salah satu aliran sastra yang menarik untuk dikaji, khususnya dalam karya sastra Jawa modern. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada teori realisme magis Wendy B. Faris yang mencakup lima elemen utama. Penelitian ini memiliki lima tujuan, yaitu: (1), menjelaskan elemen yang tidak dapat direduksi (irreducible element), (2), menjelaskan dunia fenomenal (phenomenal world), (3), menjelaskan unsur yang menimbulkan kemanguan (unsettling doubts), (4), menjelaskan penyatuan dunia nyata dan dunia magis (merging realms), dan (5), menjelaskan gangguan terhadap ruang, waktu, dan identitas (disruption of time, space, and identity), dalam novel Sumirat ing Mripat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode analisis data. Data primer penelitian ini adalah novel Sumirat ing Mripat karya Irul S. Budianto, sedangkan data sekunder berupa buku teori, artikel ilmiah, dan penelitian terdahulu yang relevan dengan realisme magis dan sastra Jawa. Data penelitian berupa kutipan-kutipan teks yang mengandung unsur realisme magis. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kegiatan membaca, mencatat, dan mengklasifikasikan data berdasarkan lima elemen realisme magis menurut Wendy B. Faris. Teknik analisis data dilakukan melalui tiga tahap, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan bahwa seluruh elemen realisme magis Wendy B. Faris terdapat dalam novel Sumirat ing Mripat, meskipun tingkat kekuatannya berbeda-beda. Elemen yang paling dominan adalah irreducible element, karena unsur magis dalam cerita tidak dapat direduksi melalui logika rasional dan diterima sebagai bagian alami dari realitas tokoh. Elemen phenomenal world, unsettling doubts, dan merging realms juga ditemukan secara jelas dan konsisten sebagai bagian dari struktur cerita. Pada elemen disruption of space, and identity, ditemukan gangguan terhadap ruang dan identitas, karena alur cerita tetap mengikuti kronologi linier tanpa distorsi temporal. Dengan demikian, novel Sumirat ing Mripat dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai novel yang mengandung realisme magis, karena unsur magis tidak ditampilkan secara sensasional, melainkan menyatu secara alami dengan realitas sosial dan budaya masyarakat Jawa serta menjadi bagian struktural yang mendukung makna cerita.

Kata kunci: realisme magis, kepercayaan masyarakat Jawa, sastra Jawa, unsur magis.

Magical realism is one of the literary movements that is interesting to study, particularly in modern Javanese literary works. This research is based on Wendy B. Faris’s theory of magical realism, which consists of five main elements. The objectives of this study are: (1), to explain the irreducible element, (2), to explain the phenomenal world, (3), to explain unsettling doubts, (4), to explain the merging of the real and magical realms (merging realms), and (5), to explain the disruption of space, time, and identity (disruption of time, space, and identity), in the novel Sumirat ing Mripat. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a data analysis method. The primary data source is the novel Sumirat ing Mripat by Irul S. Budianto, while secondary data consist of theoretical books, scholarly articles, and previous studies related to magical realism and Javanese literature. The research data are textual excerpts containing elements of magical realism. Data collection techniques include close reading, note-taking, and data classification based on the five elements of magical realism proposed by Wendy B. Faris. Data analysis is conducted through three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.

The findings indicate that all elements of Wendy B. Faris’s magical realism are present in the novel Sumirat ing Mripat, although their degrees of prominence vary. The most dominant element is the irreducible element, as the magical aspects of the narrative cannot be reduced through rational logic and are accepted as a natural part of the characters’ reality. The phenomenal world, unsettling doubts, and merging realms are also clearly and consistently identified as structural components of the narrative. In the element of disruption of time, space, and identity, disruptions of space and identity are found; however, no disruption of time is identified, as the narrative follows a linear chronology without temporal distortion. Therefore, Sumirat ing Mripat can be classified as a novel that embodies magical realism, in which magical elements are not presented sensationally but are naturally integrated into the social and cultural realities of Javanese society and function as structural elements that support the meaning of the narrative.

Keywords: magical realism, Javanese beliefs, Javanese literature, spirituality.