PENGARUH VARIASI BENTUK TURBIN TERHADAP KELUARAN DAYA PADA PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA MIKROHIDRO (PLTMH)
THE EFFECT OF TURBINE SHAPE VARIATIONS ON POWER OUTPUT IN MICRO HYDRO POWER PLANT (MCPP)
Kebutuhan energi listrik yang terus meningkat masih didominasi oleh penggunaan bahan bakar fosil yang tidak terbarukan. Sebagai alternatif, energi air menjadi pilihan yang ramah lingkungan dan potensial, terutama di Indonesia yang memiliki sumber daya air melimpah. Energi dari aliran air dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menggerakkan turbin dalam sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro (PLTMH). Salah satu komponen utama dalam sistem ini adalah turbin air. Dalam penelitian ini difokuskan pada pengaruh variasi bentuk turbin terhadap keluaran daya, khususnya pada bentuk turbin vortex, savonius, kaplan, dengan mempertimbangkan desain turbin sebagai faktor penting dalam menentukan efisiensi dan RPM turbin.
Hasil dari pengukuran yang di lakukan diperoleh nilai tertinggi dengan bentuk turbin vortex dengan hasil rpm tertinggi sebesar 154,5 rpm, rpm generator 393 rpm, dan tegangan 8,4 V serta arus 0,25A.
Kata Kunci : Turbin reaksi, generator, rpm, tegangan, arus
The increasing demand for electrical energy is still dominated by the use of non-renewable fossil fuels. As an alternative, water energy has become a promising and environmentally friendly option, especially in Indonesia, which has abundant water resources. Energy from flowing water can be utilized to drive turbines in Micro Hydro Power Plant systems. One of the main components in this system is the water turbine. This study focuses on the effect of turbine shape variations on power output, specifically on vortex, Savonius, and Kaplan turbine types, with turbine design considered as a key factor in determining efficiency and turbine RPM. The increasing demand for electrical energy is still dominated by the use of non-renewable fossil fuels. As an alternative, water energy has become a promising and environmentally friendly option, especially in Indonesia, which has abundant water resources. Energy from flowing water can be utilized to drive turbines in Micro Hydro Power Plant (MHPP) systems. One of the main components in this system is the water turbine. This study focuses on the effect of turbine shape variations on power output, specifically on vortex, Savonius, and Kaplan turbine types, with turbine design considered as a key factor in determining efficiency and turbine RPM.
The measurement results show that the highest performance was achieved with the vortex turbine, reaching a maximum turbine speed of 154.5 RPM, generator speed of 393 RPM, voltage of 8,4 V, and current of 0,25 A.
Keyword : Reaction turbine, generator, rpm, voltage, current