Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif untuk Meningkatkan Kecerdasan Visual Spasial Peserta Didik pada Materi Reaksi Redoks Konsep Biloks

Development of Interactive Multimedia to Improve Students' Visual-Spatial Intelligence in Redox Reaction Based on Oxidation Number Concept

Penelitian pengembangan berbasis Research and Development (R&D) ini bertujuan mendapatkan kelayakan multimedia interaktif reaksi redoks konsep biloks untuk meningkatkan kecerdasan visual spasial peserta didik pada materi reaksi redoks konsep bilangan oksidasi. Kelayakan multimedia interaktif ditinjau dari aspek validitas, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan. Multimedia dapat dikatakan interaktif apabila pada multimedia tersebut terdapat aspek dialoguing, controlling, dan manipulating, sehingga dapat menimbulkan efek yang masif pada peserta didik. Validitas multimedia ditinjau dari aspek bahasa, penyajian, dan materi yang divalidasi oleh tiga validator, yaitu dua dosen Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia Unesa dan satu pendidik mata pelajaran kimia. Kepraktisan multimedia ditinjau dari aktivitas dan respon peserta didik melalui hasil observasi oleh mahasiswa pengamat dan hasil angket respon peserta didik terhadap penggunaan multimedia interaktif yang dikembangkan. Keefektifan multimedia ditinjau melalui hasil tes kecerdasan visual spasial pada materi reaksi redoks konsep biloks. Uji coba terbatas dilakukan di SMAN 13 Surabaya dengan subjek penelitian 32 peserta didik kelas XI-2. Hasil uji validasi multimedia interaktif dari ketiga validator, mendapatkan skor modus 4 sebesar 80% dan skor modus 5 sebesar 20% pada aspek bahasa dengan predikat valid, kemudian pada aspek penyajian mendapatkan skor modus 5 sebesar 67% dan skor modus 4 sebesar 33% dengan predikat valid, sedangkan pada aspek materi mendapatkan skor modus 5 sebesar 60% dan skor modus 4 sebesar 40% dengan predikat valid. Hasil uji kepraktisan ditinjau dari hasil observasi aktivitas peserta didik yang relevan dalam pemakaian multimedia interaktif mendapatkan persentase rata-rata sebesar 100% berdasarkan pengamat pertama, sedangkan berdasarkan pengamat kedua dan ketiga sebesar 97,78% yang tergolong dalam kriteria sangat praktis, kemudian hasil uji kepraktisan ditinjau dari hasil angket respon peserta didik terhadap penggunaan multimedia interaktif didapatkan rata-rata total dari keempat komponen adalah 92,15% dengan rincian komponen konten mendapatkan persentase rata-rata 95%, komponen penyampaian mendapatkan persentase rata-rata 90%, komponen grafik mendapatkan persentase rata-rata 86%, dan komponen bahasa mendapatkan persentase rata-rata 97,6%. Hasil uji keefektifan multimedia ditinjau dari hasil tes (pretest-posttest) kecerdasan visual spasial dengan skor N-gain sebesar 0,81 yang tergolong dalam kriteria tinggi. Maka, multimedia interaktif reaksi redoks konsep biloks memenuhi kriteria layak digunakan untuk meningkatkan kecerdasan visual spasial peserta didik pada materi reaksi redoks konsep biloks.

Kata Kunci: Multimedia Interaktif; Kecerdasan Visual Spasial; Reaksi Redoks Konsep Biloks.

This Research and Development (R&D)-based development research aims to obtain the feasibility of interactive multimedia redox reactions based on oxidation numbers concept to improve students' visual-spatial intelligence in the material of redox reactions of the concept of oxidation numbers. Feasibility of interactive multimedia are based on validity, practicality, and effectiveness. Multimedia able to called interactive ifin the multimedia there are aspects of dialoguing, controlling, and manipulating, so that it can have a massive effect on students. The validity of multimedia based on language, presentation, and material aspects was validated by three validators, namely two lecturer from Chemistry Education Study Program Universitas Negeri Surabaya and one chemistry educator. The practicality of multimedia is viewed from the activities and responses of students through the results of observations by observer students and the results of questionnaires on students' responses to the use of interactive multimedia that was developed. The effectiveness of multimedia is reviewed through the results of visual-spatial intelligence tests on the redox reaction based on the oxidation number material. A limited trial was conducted at SMAN 13 Surabaya with 32 students from class XI-2 as subjects. The interactive multimedia validation test results from the three validators, get a mode at score 4 is 80% and a mode at score 5 is 20% on the language aspect with a valid predicate, then on the presentation aspect get a mode at score 5 is 67% and a mode at score 4 of 33% with a valid predicate, while on the material aspect get a mode at score 5 is 60% and a mode at score 4 is 40% with a valid predicate. The practicality test results viewed from the results of observations of relevant student activities in the use of interactive multimedia get an average percentage of 100% based on the first observer, while based on the second and third observers it is 97.9% which is classified as very practical criteria, then the results of the practicality test viewed from the results of the student response questionnaire to the use of interactive multimedia obtained an average total of the four components of 92.15% with details of the content component getting an average percentage of 95%, the delivery component getting an average percentage of 90%, the graphics component gets an average percentage of 86%, and the language component gets an average percentage of 97.6%. The results of the multimedia effectiveness test were viewed from the results of the visual-spatial intelligence test (pretest-posttest) with N-gain score is 0.81 which is classified as high. Thus, interactive multimedia of the redox reaction based on oxidation number concept gets the feasible criteria of being used to improve students' spatial visual intelligence in the material of redox reaction based on oxidation number concept.

Keywords: Interactive Multimedia; Visual-Spatial Intelligence; Redox Reaction based on Oxidation Number Concept.