TINDAK TUTUR KOMISIF TOKOH DALAM NOVEL PULANG-PERGI KARYA TERE LIYE: KAJIAN PRAGMATIK
CHARACTER COMMISSIVE SPEECH ACT IN TERE LIYE'S NOVEL PULANG-PERGI: PRAGMATIC STUDIES
TINDAK TUTUR KOMISIF TOKOH
DALAM NOVEL PULANG-PERGI KARYA TERE LIYE:
KAJIAN PRAGMATIK
Nama : Wita Aldilah Zahra
NIM : 19020144007
Prodi : Sastra Indonesia
Nama Lembaga : Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Pembimbing : Prof. Dr. Kisyani, M.Hum.
Tahun : 2023
Kata kunci: Tindak Tutur, Komisif, Bentuk dan Jenis, Fungsi Menyenangkan
Bahasa adalah komponen penting dari kehidupan manusia yang memfasilitasi interaksi sosial verbal dan nonverbal. Syarat paling krusial untuk komunikasi dalam kehidupan adalah adanya penutur dan mitra tutur. Oleh karena itu, terdapat kejadian tutur (aktivitas tutur) dan tindak tutur (perilaku bahasa) dalam setiap komunikasi. Tindakan komunikasi yang bersifat ilokusi dipandang sebagai inti dari komunikasi karena sering menimbulkan kesalahpahaman di antara orang-orang, salah satunya tindak ilokusi komisif yang memegang peranan penting dalam komunikasi sehari-hari dalam aktivitas manusia, seperti tuturan yang diucapkan oleh tokoh-tokoh di dalamnya.
Sastra, khususnya novel, dapat dianalisis dengan menggunakan gagasan tindakan ilokusi karena merupakan komponen bahasa tertulis. Penting untuk mempelajari tindakan ilokusi dan menganalisis bagaimana pembicara menyampaikan pernyataan mereka, salah satunya novel Pulang-Pergi karya Tere Liye. Tokoh utama novel Pulang-Pergi, Bujang, harus berpetualang setelah pergi dan pulang. Lewat narasi pengejaran yang dilalui Bujang dan tokoh lainnya, novel Pulang-Pergi mampu menggambarkan situasi aksi yang mendebarkan sekaligus menegangkan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menggunakan teori tindak tutur ilokusi komisif milik Searle.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Mendeskripsikan bentuk dan jenis tindak tutur komisif tokoh yang terdapat dalam novel Pulang-Pergi karya Tere Liye. (2) Mendeskripsikan fungsi komisif menyenangkan yang terdapat dalam novel Pulang-Pergi karya Tere Liye. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori bentuk Wijana serta teori jenis dan fungsi Searle. Berdasarkan teori Wijana, terdapat tiga bentuk kalimat yaitu (1) Tuturan bermodus deklaratif, (2) Tuturan bermodus interogatif, dan (3) Tuturan bermodus imperatif. Dalam penelitian ini, bentuk kalimat tersebut akan digunakan dalam jenis tindak tutur komisif. Berdasarkan teori Searle, terdapat tiga jenis komisif yaitu (1) Menjanjikan, (2) Menawarkan, dan (3) Berkaul. Lalu, terdapat empat fungsi komisif menyenangkan yaitu (1) Menawarkan, (2) Mengajak atau Mengundang, (3) Menyapa, (4) Mengucapkan Terima Kasih, dan (5) Mengucapkan Selamat. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan pragmatik dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah novel Pulang-Pergi karya Tere Liye sedangkan data penelitiannya berupa kalimat pada percakapan tokoh yang mengandung tindak tutur komisif yang kemudian diteliti berdasarkan bentuk dan jenis komisif serta fungsi komisif menyenangkan. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik baca dan catat. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik pilah unsur penentu (PUP). Ada pula instrumen analisis data dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan tabel klasifikasi bentuk dan jenis komisif serta fungsi komisif menyenangkan dalam novel Pulang-Pergi karya Tere Liye.
Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah temuan bentuk dan jenis komisif tokoh serta fungsi komisif menyenangkan yang ada dalam novel Pulang-Pergi karya Tere Liye berdasarkan teori, namun ada penambahan poin pada jenis tindak tutur komisif dan pengurangan poin pada fungsi komisif menyenangkan. Temuan jenis komisif tokoh dalam penelitian ini berupa (1) Berjanji, (2) Menyatakan kesanggupan, (3) Mengancam, (4) Bersumpah, (5) Menolak, dan (6) Menawarkan. Masing-masing jenis tersebut digolongkan dalam tiga bentuk tuturan kalimat menurut teori Wijana, seperti Tuturan Bermodus Deklaratif, Tuturan Bermodus Interogatif, dan Tuturan Bermodus Imperatif. Kemudian, temuan fungsi komisif menyenangkan dalam penelitian ini berupa (1) Mengajak/mengundang, (2) Menyapa, dan (3) Mengucapkan Terima Kasih.
CHARACTER COMMISSIVE SPEECH ACT
IN TERE LIYE'S NOVEL PULANG-PERGI:
PRAGMATIC STUDIES
Name : Wita Aldilah Zahra
Study Program : Indonesian Literature
Institution Name : Surabaya State University
Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Kisyani, M.Hum.
Year : 2023
Keywords: Speech Acts, Commissives, Forms and Types, Fun Functions
Language is an important component of human life that facilitates verbal and nonverbal social interaction. The most crucial requirement for communication in life is the presence of speakers and speech partners. Therefore, speech events (speech activities) and speech acts (language behavior) are in every communication. The act of illocutionary communication is seen as the core of communication because it often causes misunderstandings between people, one of which is the act of commissive illocutionary which plays an important role in daily communication in human activities, such as the speech spoken by the characters in it.
Literature, particularly novels, can be analyzed using the idea of illocutionary action because it is a component of written language. It is important to study illocutionary actions and analyze how speakers convey their statements, one of which is Tere Liye's novel Pulang-Pergi. The main character of the novel Pulang-Pergi, Bujang, must go on an adventure after leaving and going home. Through the narrative of the chase passed by Bujang and other characters, the novel Pulang-Pergi is able to describe action situations that are both thrilling and tense. Therefore, this study uses Searle's theory of commissive illocutionary speech acts.
This study aims to (1) Describe the form and type of commissive speech acts of characters contained in the novel Pulang-Pergi by Tere Liye. (2) Describes the pleasant commissive function found in Tere Liye's novel Pulang-Pergi. This research uses the theory of Wijana form and the theory of Searle's type and function. Based on Wijana's theory, there are three forms of sentences, namely (1) Speech in declarative mode, (2) Speech in interrogative mode, and (3) Speech in imperative mode. In this study, the sentence form will be used in the type of commissive speech act. Based on Searle's theory, there are three types of commissives, namely (1) Promising, (2) Offer, and (3) Vows. Then, there are four pleasant commisive functions, namely (1) Offer, (2) Invite or invite, (3) Say Hello, (4) Saying Thank You, and (5) Congratulate. The approach used in this study is a pragmatic approach with a type of qualitative descriptive research. The source of data in this study is the novel Pulang-Pergi by Tere Liye, while the research data is in the form of sentences in character conversations containing commissive speech acts which are then examined based on the form and type of commissive and pleasant commissive functions. Data collection techniques in this study are reading and recording techniques. The data analysis technique used in this study is the determining element sorting technique (PUP). There are also data analysis instruments in this study, namely using classification tables, forms and types of commissives, as well as fun commissive functions in the novel Pulang-Pergi by Tere Liye.
The result of this study is the finding of the form and type of commissive characters and the pleasant commissive function in Tere Liye's novel Pulang-Pergi based on theory, but there is an addition of points to the type of commissive speech act and a point deduction to the pleasant commissive function. The findings of the type of commissive figures in this study are (1) Promise, (2) Express ability, (3) Threaten, (4) Swear, (5) Refuse, and (6) Offer. Each of these types is classified into three forms of sentence speech according to Wijana theory, such as Declarative Mode Speech, Interrogative Mode Speech, and Imperative Mode Speech. Then, the findings of the pleasant commissive function in this study were (1) Invite/invite, (2) Greeting, and (3) Saying Thank You.