REPRESENTASI IDEOLOGI MARXIS DALAM NOVEL
KISAH SEORANG PEDAGANG DARAH (CHRONICLE OF A BLOOD MERCHANT) DAN NOVEL HIDUP (TO LIVE) KARYA YU HUA
(Perspektif Naratomaterialistik)
REPRESENTATION OF MARXIST IDEOLOGY IN THE NOVELS
CHRONICLE OF A BLOOD MERCHANT AND TO LIVE BY YU HUA
(A Narratological Perspective)
ABSTRAK
Peng Zi Lin 2022 NIM 22070956021, Representasi Ideologi Marxis dalam Novel Kisah Seorang Pedagang Darah (Chronicle of A Blood Merchant) dan Novel Hidup (To Live) Karya Yu Hua (Perspektif Naratomaterealistik). Disertasi. Program studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Promotor, Prof. Dr. H. Setya Yuwana Sudikan, M.A., Kopromotor. Prof. Dr. H. Haris Supratno.
Kata kunci: marxis, narasi revoltasi, narasi ideologi, estetika materialisik, naratomaterealistik
Penelitian ini bertujuan: 1) menemukan bentuk-bentuk narasi revoltasi dalam novel Yu Hua, 2) menemukan narasi ideologi dalam novel Yu Hua, 3) menemukan estetika materialistik dalam novel Yu Hua. Teori yang digunakan naratomaterealistik. Jenis penelitian kualitatif-eksploratif dengan pendekatan grounded theory. Sumber data penelitian novel Kisah Seorang Pedadang Darah (Chronicle of A Blood Merchant) dan novel Hidup (To Live) karya Yu Hua. Data penelitian berupa kata, frase, kalimat, dan paragraf terkait dengan fokus penelitian, yaitu bentuk-bentuk narasi revoltasi, narasi ideologi, dan estetika materialistik. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu kritik ideologi. Tahapan analisis, memaknai: 1) peran ideologi di balik teks (behind the text), 2) peran ideologi di dalam teks (on the text), 3) peran ideologi dalam diri penafsir (out the text) selama membaca teks-teks novel Yu Hua. Temuan penelitian ada seratus dua puluh data tentang naratomaterialistik terbagi pada fokus dan subfokus, yakni: pertama, terdapat empat bentuk-bentuk narasi revoltasi, a) narasi revoltasi sosial ada sebelas data, b) narasi revoltasi ekonomi ada tiga belas data, c) narasi revoltasi sejarah ada sebelas data, dan d) narasi revoltasi budaya ada sebelas data; kedua, narasi ideologi ada tiga puluh delapan data, terbagi: a) ideologi tokoh ada dua puluh lima data, b) ideologi pengarang ada tiga belas data, sebagai perlawanan kepada penguasa; ketiga, estetika materialistik terdapat tiga puluh enam data, terbagi ke dalam: migrasi materialistik ada dua puluh tuju data, dan realisme magis ada sembilan data.Temuan teoretis berupa proposisi, yakni: 1) bentuk-bentuk narasi revoltasi, narasi ideologi, dan estetika materialistik dalam novel Yu Hua dinyatakan untuk mengaktualisasikan naratomaterialistik yang di dalamnya menyuarakan perlawanan terhadap pemerintah yang sewenang-wenang baik secara sosial, ekonomi, budaya, dan sejarah; 2) narasi ideologi sebagai upaya perlawanan menggunakan ideologi tokoh dan pengarang yang disampaikan melalui karya sastra untuk membuka suara-suara yang terbungkam; 3) estetika materialistik membangun narasi yang kuat tentang keterikatan manusia dengan dunia material dan dampaknya terhadap emosi serta keberlangsungan hidup yang terbagi pada migrasi materialistik dan realisme magis dalam karya sastra.
ABCTRACT
Keywords: Marxist, revolt narrative, ideological narrative, materialistic aesthetics,
Narratomaterialistic
This research aims to: 1) to find the forms of revolt narration in Yu Hua's novel, 2) to find ideological narration in Yu Hua's novel, 3) to find materialistic aesthetics in Yu Hua's novel. The theory used is naratomaterealistic. The type of research is qualitative-explorative with a grounded theory approach. The research data sources are Chronicle of A Blood Merchant and To Live by Yu Hua. The research data are in the form of words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs related to the research focus, namely the forms of revolt narrative, ideological narrative, and materialistic aesthetics. The data analysis technique used is ideological criticism. The stages of analysis, interpreting: 1) the role of ideology behind the text, 2) the role of ideology in the text (on the text), 3) the role of ideology in the interpreter (out the text) while reading the texts of Yu Hua's novels. The research findings are one hundred and twenty data on materialistic narratives divided into focus and subfocus, namely: first, there are four forms of revolt narratives, a) social revolt narratives there are eleven data, b) economic revolt narratives there are thirteen data, c) historical revolt narratives there are eleven data, and d) cultural revolt narratives there are eleven data; second, ideological narratives there are thirty-eight data, divided: a) the ideology of the characters is twenty-five data, b) the author's ideology is thirteen data, as resistance to the authorities; third, materialistic aesthetics there are thirty-six data, divided into: materialistic migration there are twenty-two data, and magical realism there are nine data. Theoretical findings in the form of propositions, namely: 1) the forms of revolt narrative, ideological narrative, and materialistic aesthetics in Yu Hua's novel are expressed to actualize the materialistic narrative in which it voices resistance to the arbitrary government both socially, economically, culturally, and historically; 2) ideological narrative as a resistance effort using the ideology of the characters and authors conveyed through literary works to open silenced voices; 3) materialistic aesthetics builds a strong narrative about human attachment to the material world and its impact on emotions and survival which is divided into materialistic migration and magical realism in literary works.