ABSTRAK
Luturmas, Amatien, 2019, Representasi Makhluk Hidup dalam Nkabyeu di Desa Tutukembong Kecamatan Nirunmas Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara Barat (Kajian Biosemiotik). Tesis. Dosen Pembimbing: (I) Prof. Dr. Setya Yuwana Sudikan, M.A; Dosen Pembimbing II: Prof. Dr. Suyatno, M.Pd. Program Pascasarjana Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Kata Kunci: Representasi Makhluk Hidup, Nkabyeu, Biosemiotik
Fokus Penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan (1) ekspresi biosemiotik tentang manusia dalam nkabyeu di desa Tutukembong kecamatan Nirunmas Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara Barat, (2) ekspresi biosemiotik tentang hewan dalam Nkabyeu di desa Tutukembong kecamatan Nirunmas kabupaten Maluku Tenggara Barat, (3) ekspresi biosemiotik tentang tumbuhan dalam Nkabyeu di desa Tutukembong kecamatan Nirunmas kabupaten Maluku Tenggara Barat.
Penelitian ini berpendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan di desa Tutukembong, kecamatan Nirunmas, kabupaten Maluku Tenggara Barat. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini berjumlah tiga orang, data berupa data lisan yang ditranskripsikan ke bentuk teks Nkabyeu. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui (1) observasi atau pengamatan, (2) perekaman, (3) Wawancara mendalam, dan (4) pencatatan. Teknik transkripsi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik transkripsi patuh, teks lisan diterjemahkan langsung tanpa mengindahkan tanda baca. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik analisis deskriptif dengan mendeskipsikan makna data sehingga menimbulkan kejelasan dan mudah dipahami pembaca yang berhubungan dengan fokus penelitian. Pengujian pengabsahan penelitian dilakukan dengan teknik triangulasi, diskusi analitik dan member check.
Hasil penelitian ditemukan 39 nyanyian dengan pembagian sebagai berikut: Ekspresi biosemiotik tentang manusia dalam Nkabyeu berjumlah 26 nyanyian yang terdiri atas : 6 nyanyian mendeskripsikan simbol adat istiadat, 5 nyanyian bersimbolkan religius atau kepercayaan, 15 nyanyian bersimbolkan kekeluargaan. Ekspresi biosemiotik tentang hewan dalam teks Nkabyeu berjumlah 4 nyanyian dengan 2 nyanyian mendeskripsikan tanda alamiah dan 2 nyanyian mendeskripsikan keanekaragaman fauna. Ekspresi biosemiotik tentang tumbuhan dalam teks Nkabyeu berjumlah 9 nyanyian terbagi atas 4 nyanyian yang mendeskripsikan kekayaan alam Tanimbar, 1 nyanyian mendeskripsikan daun untuk membersihkan tubuh dan 4 nyanyian mendeskripsikan makanan khas Tanimbar.
Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ekspresi biosemiotik tentang manusia dalam Nkabyeu berkaitan dengan keseharian masyarakat di desa Tutukembong Kecamatan Nirunmas Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara Barat. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan 26 nyanyian yang mempunyai ekspresi biosemiotik tentang manusia. Hal ini tergambar dalam kata dan larik dalam teks Nkabyeu berupa simbol-simbol kebudayaan atau adat istiadat 6 nyanyian, simbol religius dan kepercayaan 5 nyanyian serta simbol kekeluargaan 15 nyanyian. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan 4 nyanyian yang berhubungan dengan ekspresi biosemiotik pada hewan. Hal ini tergambar dalam kata dan larik dalam teks berupa simbol dan tanda dalam teks nkabyeu. Ekspresi biosemiotik tentang hewan dalam Nkabeyu dijelaskan melalui tanda alamiah 2 nyanyian yang dihasilkan oleh suara hewan dan keanekaragaman fauna 2 nyanyian yang penyebutannya melalui nama hewan yang hidup di wilayah Tanimbar. Ekspresi biosemiotik tentang tumbuhan dalam Nkabyeu ditemukan 9 nyanyian dijelaskan melalui simbol kekayaan alam Tanimbar 4 nyanyian, daun untuk membersihkan tubuh 1 nyanyian dan makanan khas Tanimbar 4 nyanyian. Nkabyeu ini banyak mengungkapkan segala bentuk kekayaan alam sebagai anugerah Tuhan Yang Maha Kuasa maupun warisan leluhur secara turun-temurun.
ABSTRACT
Luturmas, Amatien, 2019, Representation of Sentient Beings in Nkabyeu in Tutukembong Village, Nirunmas District, West Southeast Maluku Regency (Biosemiotic Study). Thesis. Supervisor: (I) Prof. Dr. Setya Yuwana Sudikan, M.A; Supervisor II: Prof. Dr. Suyatno, M.Pd. Postgraduate Program in the Department of Language and Literature Education, Surabaya State University
Keywords: Representation of Sentient Beings, Nkabyeu, Biosemiotic
The focus of this research is to describe (1) biosemiotic expressions about humans in nkabyeu in Tutukembong village, Nirunmas sub-district, West Southeast Maluku Regency, (2) biosemiotic expressions about animals in Nkabyeu in Tutukembong village, Nirunmas sub-district, West Southeast Maluku district, (3) biosemiotic expressions about plants in Nkabyeu in Tutukembong village, Nirunmas district, West Southeast Maluku district.
This study has a qualitative descriptive approach. The study was conducted in Tutukembong village, Nirunmas sub-district, West Southeast Maluku district. The data sources in this study amounted to three people, the data in the form of oral data were transcribed into text form Nkabyeu. Data collection is done through (1) observation or observation, (2) recording, (3) in-depth interviews, and (4) recording. The transcription technique used in this study is obedient transcription techniques, oral texts are translated directly without regard to punctuation. Data analysis was carried out with descriptive analysis techniques by describing the meaning of the data so as to give rise to clarity and readability for the reader related to the focus of the study. The validation test of the study was carried out by triangulation, analytical discussion and member check techniques.
The results of the study found 39 songs with the following divisions: Biosemiotic expressions about humans in Nkabyeu numbered 26 songs consisting of: 6 songs describing customs symbols, 5 songs symbolizing religious or belief, 15 songs symbolizing kinship. Biosemiotic expressions about animals in the Nkabyeu text are 4 songs with 2 songs describing natural signs and 2 songs describing fauna diversity. Biosemiotic expressions about plants in the Nkabyeu text numbered 9 songs divided into 4 songs describing Tanimbar's natural wealth, 1 song describing leaves to cleanse the body and 4 songs describing Tanimbar's special food.
Thus it can be concluded that the biosemiotic expression of humanity in Nkabyeu relates to the daily lives of people in the village of Tutukembong, Nirunmas, West Southeast Maluku Regency. In this study found 26 songs that have biosemiotic expressions about humans. This is illustrated in Nkabyeu text words and lines in the form of cultural symbols or traditional 6 songs, religious symbols and beliefs in 5 songs and family symbols 15 songs. In this study four songs were related to biosemiotic expression in animals. This is reflected in words and lines in the text in the form of symbols and signs in the text nkabyeu. Biosemiotic expressions about animals in Nkabyeu are explained by natural signs of singing produced by animal sounds and fauna diversity 2 songs which are named by the name of animals that live in the Tanimbar region. Biosemiotic expressions about plants in Nkabyeu found 9 songs explained through the symbol of Tanimbar's natural wealth 4 songs, leaves to cleanse the body 1 songs and typical food Tanimbar 4 singing. Nkabyeu revealed many forms of natural wealth as a gift from God the Almighty and inherited from generation to generation.