KONSTRUKSI TANDA PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM NOVEL SEJARAH KARYA GESTA BAYUADHY (KAJIAN SEMIOEDUKASI)
CONSTRUCTION OF CHARACTER EDUCATION SIGNS IN THE HISTORICAL NOVEL BY GESTA BAYUADHY (SEMIOEDUCATION STUDY)
ABSTRAK
Purwanto, Petrus. 2022. Konstruksi Tanda Pendidikan Karakter dalam Novel Sejarah Karya Gesta Bayuadhy (Kajian Semioedukasi). Tesis, Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Pembimbing (I) Dr. Tengsoe Tjahjono, M.Pd. dan (II) Dr. Ririe Rengganis, S.S., M.Hum.
Kata-kata Kunci: novel sejarah, nilai utama karakter, semioedukasi, semiotika
Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan konstruksi tanda pendidikan karakter yang diwujudkan melalui representamen, object, dan interpretant dalam novel sejarah karya Gesta Bayuadhy, yakni Ranggalawe: Mendung di Langit Majapahit dan Mahapatih Nambi: Percik Api di Jantung Majapahit. Konstruksi tanda pendididkan karakter tersebut berupa nilai-nilai kebaikan yang menjadi prioritas program Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter (PPK) berdasarkan Kemdikbud 2017. Nilai-nilai utama tersebut, yakni nilai religius, nasionalis, integritas, mandiri, dan gotong-royong. Dalam penelitian ini nilai-nilai tersebut dibangun berdasarkan konsep semioedukasi. Untuk itu diharapkan dari data tersebut dihasilkan kecocokan antara novel sejarah yang diteliti dengan teori yang digunakan.
Teori semioedukasi berpedoman pada teori semiotika Charles Sanders Peirce dan edukasi. Semioedukasi digunakan untuk menafsirkan nilai edukasi dalam novel yang direpresentasikan pengarang melalui tanda semiotik. Cara semiotika dapat berkontribusi pada pendidikan dimediasi oleh asumsi epistemologis yang menopang teori pendidikan dan sejauh mana asumsi tersebut dapat dimasukkan dan bahkan diubah oleh konsep dan konstruksi semiotik. Semiotika Peirce mampu menginterpretasikan makna yang digunakan dan dipahami melalui karya sastra. Penelitian ini berjenis kualitatif yang berfokus pada pemaparan data secara naratif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik pustaka, baca, dan catat. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori semioedukasi melalui pembacaan novel sejarah karya Gesta Bayuadhy secara heuristik dan hermeneutik. Teori semioedukasi digunakan untuk menafsirkan edukasi, berupa nilai utama karakter melalui tanda semiotika Peirce, yakni representamen, object, dan interpretant. Teknik pengujian keabsahan data dilakukan dengan teknik FGD (Forum Group Discusion).
Hasil penelitian dengan teori semioedukasi menunjukkan bahwa adanya lima nilai utama karakter, yakni religius, nasionalis, integritas, mandiri, dan gotong royong dengan berbagai variannya yang dibangun melalui representamen, object, dan interpretant dalam novel sejarah karya Gesta Bayuadhy. Nilai religius ditunjukkan dengan sikap beriman terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, melaksanakan ajaran agama dan kepercayaan yang dianut, menjunjung tinggi sikap toleransi, hidup rukun dan damai. Nilai nasionalis ditunjukkan dengan sikap rela berkorban, unggul dan berprestasi, cinta tanah air, menjaga lingkungan, dan disiplin. Nilai integritas ditunjukkan dengan sikap dapat dipercaya dalam perkataan, tindakan, dan pekerjaan, menghargai martabat individu, komitmen dan kesetiaan pada nilai-nilai kemanusiaan dan moral. Nilai mandiri ditunjukkan dengan sikap kerja keras, tangguh, kreatif, memiliki keberanian. Nilai gotong royong ditunjukkan dengan sikap kerelawanan, menghargai semangat kerja sama dan bahu-membahu, menjalin komunikasi dan persahabatan, tolong-menolong, serta memiliki empati dan rasa solidaritas. Nilai-nilai kebaikan dalam novel tersebut dapat dijadikan teladan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
ABSTRACT
Purwanto, Petrus. 2022. Construction of Character Education Signs in the Historical Novel by Gesta Bayuadhy (Semi-educational Study). Thesis, Language and Literature Education Study Program, Postgraduate, State University of Surabaya. Advisor (I) Dr. Tengsoe Tjahjono, M.Pd. and (II) Dr. Ririe Rengganis, SS, M. Hum.
Keywords: historical novels, main value character, semi-educational, semiotics
This study aims to describe the construction of character education signs that are realized through representamen, objects, and interpretants in historical novels by Gesta Bayuadhy, namely Ranggalawe: Mendung di Langit Majapahit and Mahapatih Nambi: Percik Api di Jantung Majapahit. The construction of the character education sign is in the form of good values which are the priority of the Character Education Strengthening (PPK) program based on the 2017 Ministry of Education and Culture. The main values are religious values, nationalism, integrity, independence, and mutual cooperation. In this study, these values were built based on the concept of semi-education. For this reason, it is hoped that the data will produce a match between the historical novel under study and the theory used.
Semi-educational theory is guided by Charles Sanders Peirce's theory of semiotics and education. Semi-education is used to interpret the educational value in the novel which is represented by the author through semiotic signs. The way semiotics can contribute to education is mediated by the epistemological assumptions that underpin educational theory and the extent to which these assumptions can be incorporated and even modified by semiotic concepts and constructs. Peirce's semiotics is able to interpret the meanings used and understood through literary works. This research is a qualitative type that focuses on the presentation of data in a narrative manner. In collecting data using library, reading, and note-taking techniques. The data analysis technique was carried out using semi-educational theory through the heuristic and hermeneutic reading of the historical novel by Gesta Bayuadhy. Semi-educational theory is used to interpret education, in the form of the main character values through Peirce's semiotic signs, namely representamen, object, and interpretant. The technique of testing the validity of the data is done by using the FGD (Forum Group Discussion) technique.
The results of the research using semi-educational theory show that there are five main character values, namely religious, nationalist, integrity, independent, and mutual cooperation with various variants built through representation, object, and interpretant in the historical novel by Gesta Bayuadhy. Religious values are shown by an attitude of faith in God Almighty, carrying out religious teachings and beliefs, upholding an attitude of tolerance, living in harmony and peace. Nationalist values are shown by the attitude of self-sacrifice, excellence and achievement, love for the homeland, protecting the environment, and discipline. The value of integrity is shown by being trustworthy in words, actions and work, respecting individual dignity, commitment and loyalty to human and moral values. The value of independence is shown by an attitude of hard work, toughness, creativity, and courage. The value of mutual cooperation is shown by volunteering, respecting the spirit of cooperation and working hand in hand, establishing communication and friendship, helping each other, and having empathy and a sense of solidarity. The values of kindness in the novel can be used as examples in everyday life.