Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Akuatik di Sungai Sadar Mojokerto sebagai Indikator Logam Berat Pb

The Diversity of Aquatic Plants in Sadar River Mojokerto as an Indicator of Heavy Metal Pb

    Sungai Sadar merupakan salah satu sungai di Mojokerto yang dikelilingi industri sehingga diduga mengandung Pb. Namun di sepanjang aliran sungai ini masih banyak terdapat tumbuhan akuatik yang toleran terhadap logam Pb. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi keanekaragaman tumbuhan akuatik di Sungai Sadar Mojokerto. Parameter yang diukur adalah kualitas air secara fisik dan kimia, kadar logam Pb pada air, jenis tumbuhan yang toleran, kadar logam Pb pada tumbuhan dan indeks keanekaragaman tumbuhan akuatik (H’). Jenis penelitian bersifat observasional. Pengukuran kualitas air mengacu pada PP RI No. 82 Tahun 2001. Identifikasi tumbuhan menggunakan aplikasi PlanNet dan buku Flora Indonesia. Uji logam Pb menggunakan metode Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Keanekaragaman dikaji berdasaran Indeks Shannon-Wiener. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas air secara fisik kimia masih sesuai baku mutu menurut PP No. 82 Tahun 2001. Rerata kadar Pb pada sampel air stasiun 1 hingga stasiun 3 berturut-turut 0,002 mg/L, 0,004 mg/L, dan 0,002 mg/L. Pb tertinggi terletak pada stasiun 2 yang berada di sekitar industri. Terdapat 6 jenis tumbuhan yang ditemukan di Sungai Sadar yaitu Eichhornia crassipes, Ipomoea aquatica, Lemna minor, Hymenachne amplexicaulis, Alternanthera philoxeroides dan Pistia stratiotes. Jenis paling dominan adalah Eichhornia crassipes dengan INP tertinggi sebesar 109,433%. Kadar Pb pada sampel tumbuhan sebesar 0,066 mg/L, 0,081 mg/L, dan 0,071 mg/L. Adapun indeks keanekaragaman tumbuhan akuatik pada stasiun 1 hingga stasiun 3 berturut-turut sebesar 1,43, 0,82 dan 1,37. Berdasarkan indeks Shannon-Wiener keanekaragaman pada stasiun 1 dan 3 tergolong sedang, sedangkan stasiun 2 tergolong rendah.

    Sadar River is one of the rivers in Mojokerto which is surrounded by industries, so it’s thought to contain Pb. However, along the river there are many aquatic plants are tolerant of Pb metal. This study aimed to explore the diversity of aquatic plants in Sadar River Mojokerto. The parameters measured were physical and chemical water quality, Pb metal content in water, tolerant plant species, Pb content in plants and aquatic plant diversity index (H'). This type of research was observational. Measurement of water quality refers to PP RI No. 82 of 2001. Plant identification using the PlanNet application and the Flora Indonesia book. The Pb metal test used the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. Diversity was assessed based on the Shannon-Wiener Index. Data were analyzed descriptively quantitative. The results showed that the water quality was in accordance with the quality standard according to PP. 82 of 2001. The average Pb levels in water samples from station 1-3 were 0.002mg/L, 0.004mg/L, and 0.002mg/L. The highest Pb was located at station 2 which is around the industry. There were 6 types of plants found in Sadar river, namely Eichhornia crassipes, Ipomoea aquatica, Lemna minor, Hymenachne amplexicaulis, Alternanthera philoxeroides and Pistia stratiotes. The most dominant species was Eichhornia crassipes with the highest IVI of 109.433%. Pb levels in plant samples were 0.066mg/L, 0.081mg/L, and 0.071mg/L. The aquatic plant diversity index at station 1-3 were 1.43, 0.82 and 1.37. Based on the Shannon-Wiener index, the diversity at station 1 and 3 were classified as moderate, while station 2 was classified as low.