Gambaran Kebutuhan Eksistensial di Kalangan Perempuan Minangkabau yang Merantau ke Jakarta

The Existential Needs that Minangkabau Women Seek to Satisfy by Migrating to Jakarta

Dalam suku Minangkabau, lahir sebagai perempuan membawa keuntungan, seperti, misalnya, hak istimewa untuk mewarisi harta pusaka. Namun, banyak perempuan Minangkabau merantau ke Jakarta, meninggalkan kampung halaman serta hak istimewa mereka, termasuk harta pusaka. Ada kemungkinan besar bahwa perantauan mereka merupakan upaya memenuhi kebutuhan eksistensial. Dengan menerapkan pendekatan fenomenologis, penelitian psikologi kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kebutuhan eksistensial yang telah mendorong perempuan Minangkabau merantau ke ibu kota dan cara mereka memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan para partisipan, yakni tiga perempuan Minangkabau yang merantau ke Jakarta. Teknik Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) atas data terkumpul berhasil mendeteksi dua tema induk: a) kebutuhan eksistensial sebelum merantau, dan b) kebutuhan eksistensial setelah merantau. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa melalui berbagai upaya, ketiga partisipan akhirnya berhasil memenuhi kebutuhan eksistensial mereka.

One of the advantages of being born female into the Minangkabau society is the right to inherit harta pusaka (lineage-held lands, properties, and privileges). Many Minangkabau women, however, have migrated to Jakarta, leaving behind the harta pusaka in their ancestral home. The act of migration seems to have been motivated by the quest to satisfy existential needs. Using the phenomenological approach, this qualitative psychological research aims to identify the existential needs of Minangkabau women migrants and the ways they sought to fulfill those needs. Data for this research was collected through interviews with three subjects, all of whom were Minangkabau women migrants in Jakarta. The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) performed on the resulting data uncovered two key themes: a) the subjects’ pre-migration existential needs, and b) their post-migration existential needs. This study concludes that through various efforts, the three Minangkabau women migrants succeeded in satisfying their existential needs.