Biomonitoring Kualitas Perairan Pesisir Pantai Lembung, Pamekasan Menggunakan Bioindikator Fitoplankton

Coastal Waters Biomonitoring of Lembung Beach, Pamekasan Using Phytoplankton Bioindicators

Pesisir adalah transisi antara daratan dan lautan yang membentuk ekosistem yang beragam dan produktif. Perairan pesisir memiliki fungsi yang penting karena menjadi habitat beragam organisme, kualitas perairan pesisir dapat diketahui dengan biomonitoring menggunakan fitoplankton. Fitoplankton merupakan organisme yang sangat sensitif terhadap zat-zat pencemar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas perairan pesisir pantai Lembung berdasarkan indeks-indeks biologis fitoplankton, parameter fisik-kimia perairan, dan hubungan antar keduanya. Penelitian di lakukan di pantai Lembung pada bulan Oktober 2020. Pengambilan sample menggunakan metode transek pada 10 stasiun penelitian dengan 3 kali pengulangan pada setiap substasiun. Parameter penelitian yang diukur meliputi kelimpahan, keanekaragaman, dan dominansi fitoplankton serta faktor-faktor fisik-kimia air (suhu, kecerahan air, pH, salinitas, DO, CO2, dan BOD). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif, kualitatif, dikomparasikan dengan standard baku mutu KEMEN LH 2004 No. 51, dan uji korelasi antara parameter biologis dengan parameter fisik-kimia perairan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan di perairan pantai Lembung ditemukan 28 spesies fitoplankton. Kelimpahan fitoplankton berkisar antara 1.100 – 2.748 sel/l. Indeks keanekaragaman berkisar antara 1,244 – 1,980. Indeks dominansi berkisar antara 0,0035 – 0,0224. Kisaran Parameter fisik-kimia yaitu suhu 31,66 – 32,00 ⁰C, kecerahan 34,33 – 39,00 cm, salinitas 26 – 28 ‰, pH 6,9 – 7,5, DO 3,22 – 3,60 mg/l, CO2 3,32 – 9,33 mg/l, BOD 4,05 – 7,50 mg/l. Hubungan indeks keanekaragaman dan parameter fisik-kimia air berdasarkan analisis bivariate pearson yaitu semakin tinggi kecerahan dan kadar oksigen terlarut (Dissolved Oxygen) maka semakin tinggi indeks keanekaragaman fitoplankton. Sebaliknya, semakin tinggi suhu, salinitas, pH, kadar CO2, dan Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). Berdasarkan bioindikator tersebut pantai Lembung termasuk dalam kategori tercemar sedang

Coast is a transition between land and sea that forms a diverse and productive ecosystem. Coastal waters have an important function to accommodate various organism, it quality can be determined using phytoplankton biomonitoring. Phytoplankton are organisms that are very sensitive to contaminants. This study aims to determine the quality of Lembung beach based on biological index, water quality, and their correlation. The research was conducted at Lembung beach in October 2020. Sampling was taken using the transect method at 10 research stations with 3 repetitions each. The research parameters measured included abundance, diversity, and dominance of phytoplankton as well as physico-chemical factors of water (temperature, water transparency, pH, salinity, DO, CO2, and BOD). Data were analyzed using quantitative, qualitative, based on regulation of the Ministry of Environment 2004 No. 51, and correlation test between biological parameters and physico-chemical factors of water. The results obtained are 28 species of phytoplankton. The abundance of phytoplankton ranges from 1,100 - 2,748 cells / l. The diversity index ranges from 1.244 - 1.980. The dominance index ranges from 0.0035 - 0.0224. The physico-chemical parameters range of temperature is 31.66 - 32.00 C, brightness 34.33 - 39.00 cm, salinity 26 - 28 ‰, pH 6.9 - 7.5, DO 3.22 - 3.60 mg / l, CO2 3.32 - 9.33 mg / l, BOD 4.05 - 7.50 mg / l. The relationship between plankton diversity index and physical and chemical parameters of water quality using bivariate pearson correlation analysis, namely the higher the brightness and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) parameters, the higher the phytoplankton diversity index. Conversely, the higher the parameters of temperature, salinity, pH, CO2 levels, and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). Based on phytoplankton bioindicator, Lembung beach is included in the medium polluted category