Pengembangan E-book Transpor Membran Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik untuk Melatih Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis

Berpikir kritis merupakan kompetensi pendidikan berkualitas Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) yang perlu dikuasai. Keterampilan tersebut dapat dilatihkan kepada peserta didik melalui pendekatan saintifik. Oleh sebab itu, dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan menciptakan bahan ajar yang layak berupa e-book berbasis pendekatan saintifik untuk melatih keterampilan berpikir kritis pada materi transpor membran. E-book dikembangkan menurut model ADDIE yang meliputi tahap Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Parameter penelitian berupa penilaian validitas, kepraktisan, dan efektivitas. Validitas berdasarkan pada penilaian ahli; kepraktisan berdasarkan keterbacaan dan respons peserta didik; dan efektivitas berdasarkan tes. Instrumen penelitian berupa lembar validasi, uji keterbacaan, angket, dan tes. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan statistik sederhana berupa rata-rata dan persentase. Penilaian ahli menunjukkan validitas e-book sebesar 98% dengan kategori sangat valid. Uji keterbacaan berada pada  level 10 dengan kategori praktis. Respons peserta didik sangat positif dengan persentase 96%. Ketercapaian indikator berpikir kritis sebesar 89% dengan kategori sangat baik dan nilai n-gain sebesar 0,77 dengan kategori tinggi. E-book transpor membran berbasis pendekatan saintifik dinyatakan layak sebagai bahan ajar Biologi kelas XI SMA ditinjau dari validitas, kepraktisan, dan efektivitas.

           Kata Kunci : E-book, transpor membran, pendekatan saintifik, keterampilan berpikir kritis, SDGs

Critical thinking is a Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) quality educational competency that needs to be mastered. These skills can be trained to students through a scientific approach. Therefore, research was carried out to produce  appropriate teaching materials in the form of e-books based on a scientific approach to train critical thinking skills on membrane transport material. The e-book was developed according to the ADDIE model which includes the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The research parameters were in the form of an assessment of validity, practicality and effectiveness. Validity based on expert validation; practicality based on readability and student responses; and effectiveness based on tests. Research instruments include validation sheets, readability tests, questionnaires and tests. Data were analyzed descriptively quantitatively using simple statistics in the form of averages and percentages. Expert assessment showed that the validity of the e-book is 98% in the very valid category. The readability test was at level 10 with the practical category. Student responses were very positive with a percentage of 96%. The achievement of critical thinking indicators was 89% in the very good category and the n-gain value was 0.77 in the high category. The membrane transport e-book based on a scientific approach was is declared suitable as a Biology teaching material for class XI SMA in terms of validity, practicality and effectiveness.

           Keywords: E-book, membrane transport, scientific approach, critical thinking skills,SDGs