PELANGGARAN PRINSIP KERJA SAMA DALAM SIDANG SENGKETA PILPRES 2019
VIOLATION OF COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE IN THE 2019 INDONESIA PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION DISPUTE TRIAL
Kerja sama dalam berkomunikasi diperlukan pada setiap kegiatan, terutama dalam persidangan. Terdapat pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam komunikasi yaitu penutur dan mitra tutur. Kerja sama komunikasi dalam sebuah persidangan kadang kurang diperhatikan oleh peserta pertuturan. Tuturan-tuturan yang diberikan selama proses persidangan berlangsung cenderung melebihi atau bahkan kurang. Kerja sama dalam komunikasi pada persidangan sengketa Pilpres 2019 menarik untuk diteliti karena pada persidangan tersebut peserta tuturan sering kali tidak memberikan informasi sesuai yang dibutuhkan.
Sejalan dengan latar belakang tersebut, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan deskripsi pelanggaran prinsip kerja sama dalam sidang sengketa Pilpres 2019. Untuk dapat menemukan deskripsi pelanggaran prinsip kerja sama, digunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif karena penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan masalah menggunakan kata-kata bukan angka-angka. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah berupa tuturan-tuturan yang melanggar maksim-maksim prinsip kerja sama dalam berbahasa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) dokumentasi, (2) teknik simak, dan (3) teknik catat. Kegiatan analisis data dimulai dengan menyeleksi data yang diduga sebagai bentuk tuturan yang melanggar prinsip kerja sama. Setelah diseleksi, data diklasifikasi berdasarkan pelanggaran maksim-maksim prinsip kerja sama.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk pelanggaran prinsip kerja sama dalam sidang sengketa Pilpres 2019 mencakup keempat maksim yaitu maksim kuantitas, maksim kualitas, maksim cara, dan maksim relevansi. Pelanggaran prinsip kerja sama paling dominan pertama muncul pada maksim kuantitas yaitu sebanyak 26 tuturan; kedua, maksim kualitas sebanyak 11 tuturan; ketiga, maksim cara sebanyak 4 tuturan; dan keempat, maksim relevansi sebanyak 2 tuturan.
Cooperation in communication is required in every activity, especially in court. There are parties involved in communication, namely speakers and speech partners. Communication cooperation in a trial is sometimes not given the attention of the narrative participants. The speeches given during the trial process tended to exceed or even less. Collaboration in communication at the 2019 Presidential Election dispute trial is interesting to study because at these trials the speech participants often did not provide the information needed.
In line with this background, the purpose of this study is to produce a description of the violation of the principle of cooperation in the 2019 Presidential Election dispute trial. To be able to find a description of the violation of the principle of cooperation, a descriptive method with a qualitative approach is used because this study aims to describe the problem using words instead of the numbers. The data used in this study are utterances that violate the principles of cooperation in language. The data collection techniques used in this study were (1) documentation, (2) listening techniques, and (3) note taking techniques. Data analysis activities began with selecting data that were suspected of being a form of speech that violated the principle of cooperation. After being selected, the data were classified based on violations of the principles of cooperation.
The results showed that the forms of violation of the principle of cooperation in the 2019 Presidential Election dispute session included the four maxims, namely the maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of manner, and maxim of relevance. The most dominant violation of the principle of cooperation first appeared in the maxim of quantity, namely 26 utterances; second, maxim of quality, as many as 11 speeches; third, maxims of how to do 4 utterances; and fourth, maximal relevance of 2 utterances.