Ideologi Humanisme Pesantren Progresif Bumi Shalawat (Kajian Analisis Wacana Kritis)
Humanism Ideology of Pesantren Progresif Bumi Shalawat (Critical Discourse Analysis Study)
ABSTRAK
Sunariyanto, Eko Redjo. 2022. NIM 147956015, “Ideologi Humanisme Pesantren Progresif Bumi Shalawat (Kajian Analisis Wacana Kritis)”. Disertasi. Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Promotor Prof. Dr. Bambang Yulianto, M.Pd., Kopromotor Prof. Dr. Kisyani Laksono, M.Hum.
Kata kunci: ideologi humanisme, proses pemroduksian, praktik sosiokultural, analisis wacana kritis
Tujuan penelitian ini mendeskripsikan, menginterpretasi, dan menjelaskan (1) bentuk ideologi humanisme Pesantren Progresif Bumi Shalawat (PPBS), (2) proses pemroduksian wacana ideologi humanisme PPBS, dan (3) praktik sosiokultural yang berpengaruh terhadap ideologi humanisme PPBS.
Penelitian ini berpendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian ini koran Jawa Pos, Instagram, dan dokumentasi teks tulisan santri PPBS. Data berupa kata/kalimat tulis, tuturan kiai-santri PPBS, serta deskripsi hasil pengamatan peneliti. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik dokumentasi, wawancara, dan observasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis wacana kritis model Norman Fairclough dengan langkah-langkah deskripsi, interpretasi, dan eksplanasi. Teknik keabsahan data menggunakan wawancara dengan pengarang dan triangulasi oleh ahli.
Penelitian ini menghasilkan simpulan: (1) bentuk-bentuk ideologi humanisme PPBS adalah ideologi kebebasan (liberty), kesamaan (equality), dan persaudaraan (fraternity). Ketiga nilai dasar tersebut dijabarkan menjadi tiga belas nilai turunan. Nilai dasar kebebasan (liberty) terdiri atas ideologi makhluk mandiri yang mulia; makhluk mandiri dalam berpikir; makhluk mandiri dalam berpendapat; makhluk mulia yang sadar akan dirinya sendiri; makhluk mandiri yang berkehendak bebas; makhluk mandiri dalam bercita-cita; makhluk mandiri yang bermoral; dan makhluk mandiri yang berspiritual. Nilai dasar kesamaan (equality) terdiri atas ideologi makhluk yang tidak membedakan suku, ras, dan warna kulit; makhluk yang berprinsip keadilan terhadap kebutuhan, hak, dan nondiskriminasi; serta makhluk yang berprinsip kemerdekaan. Dalam nilai dasar persaudaraan (fraternity) terdapat ideologi makhluk yang berkebaikan dan berkasih sayang sesama; serta makhluk yang berkepedulian dan berkemauan membela sesama. (2) berdasarkan proses pemroduksian wacana, ideologi santri dipengaruhi oleh ideologi pesantren, dalam hal ini ideologi kiai, yang diusung dalam visi PPBS. (3) praktik sosiokultural berpengaruh terhadap ideologi humanisme PPBS. Kepribadian santri dipengaruhi oleh pembiasaan selama santri belajar di pondok.
Temuan penelitian ini adalah (1) tulisan kiai dan santri menggambarkan ideologi humanisme khas pesantren, (2) tulisan kiai dan santri berhasil menyampaikan pesan perdamaian dalam konstruksi humanis, (3) tulisan kiai dan santri merupakan wacana kritis sosiokultural kehidupan khas masyarakat yang berbudaya pesantren.
ABSTRACT
Sunariyanto, Eko Redjo. 2022. NIM 147956015, “Humanism Ideology of Pesantren Progresif Bumi Shalawat (Critical Discourse Analysis Study)”. Dissertation. Language and Literature Education Study Program, Postgraduate, Surabaya State University, Promoter Prof. Dr. Bambang Yulianto, M.Pd., Co-promoter Prof. Dr. Kisyani Laksono, M.Hum.
Keywords: humanism ideology, production process, sociocultural practice, critical discourse analysis.
The goal of this research is to describe, interpret, and explain (1) the humanism ideology form of Pesantren Progresif Bumi Shalawat (PPBS), (2) humanism ideology production process of PPBS, and (3) sociocultural practice which influences humanism ideology of PPBS.
This research uses qualitative approach. The research data sources are taken from newspaper of Jawa Pos, Instagram, and written text documentation of the PPBS students. The data is in the form of words or sentences writtently, utterances kiai-santri of PPBS, the description of the researcher’s observations, as well. Data collection techniques used are documentation technique, interview, and observation. Data analysis technique applied is critical discourse analysis with Norman Fairclough model through the steps of description, interpretation, and explanation. The data validity technique used is to do an interview to the author or the owner of data and triangulation by expert.
This research concludes: (1) the forms of humanism ideology at PPBS is ideology of liberty, equality, and fraternity. The three basic values are translated into thirteen derived values. The basic values of liberty contain ideology of independent human who is noble; independent human in thinking; independent human in giving opinions; noble human being who is aware of himself; independent beings of free will; independent beings in ambition or dream; moral independent beings; and spiritual or religious independent beings. The basic values of equality involve the ideology of being a human who doesn’t descriminate anyone in ethnicity, race, and complexion color; human with the principles of justice towards necessity, rights, and non-discrimination; human with the principle of independence, as well. In the basic values of fraternity, it is learnt that the school members have an ideology of humans doing kindness and affection to one another; caring dan willing to defend one another. (2) based on the process of discourse production, the ideology of students is influenced by the school ideology, in this case is the ideology of kiai, carried in the vision of PPBS. (3) sociocultural practice gives a big impact towards humanism ideology of PPBS. The personalities of the students are affected by their habits during the learning process at PPBS.