THE CORRELATION BETWEEN ABO BLOOD TYPE AND ETHNICITY TO THE RISK OF COVID-19 INFECTION IN PATIENTS AT RSUD DR. SOETOMO SURABAYA

ABSTRAK

KETERKAITAN GOLONGAN DARAH ABO DAN ETNIS TERHADAP RISIKO INFEKSI COVID-19 PADA PASIEN RSUD DR. SOETOMO SURABAYA

Penyakit COVID-19 telah menyebar cepat dan menyebabkan angka kematian yang tinggi. Perbedaan antigen dan agglutinin pada golongan darah ABO dan etnis diketahui mempengaruhi risiko infeksi COVID-19. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis keterkaitan golongan darah ABO dan etnis terhadap risiko infeksi COVID-19 pada pasien RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya periode Januari 2021-Juni 2022. Manfaat penelitian ini adalah sebagai referensi genetika populasi terhadap keterkaitan golongan darah ABO dan etnis terhadap risiko infeksi COVID-19 terutama bagi kelompok rentan. Sembilan puluh enam data sekunder rekam medik pasien COVID-19 antara Januari 2021 hingga Juni 2022 didapat menggunakan rumus Yamane dari jumlah populasi. Parameter yang digunakan meliputi jenis kelamin, umur, admisi ICU, periode rumah sakit, komorbiditas, dan status prognosi. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji chi-square, OR, normalitas Kolmogorov-Smirnov, independent t, dan Mann-Whitney dilakukan secara one- vs. all-manner untuk mengetahui terhadap keterkaitan golongan darah ABO dan etnis terhadap berbagai parameter yang digunakan. Pasien golongan darah O berisiko terinfeksi (38,5%) dan kematian (p-value: 0,178; OR: 1,789; CI: 0,768-4,171) akibat COVID-19 tertinggi. Sementara itu, pasien golongan darah AB berisiko admisi ICU tertinggi (p-value: 0,163; OR: 2,958; CI: 0,607-14,417). Pasien dari Etnis Jawa berisiko terinfeksi (94,8%), admisi ICU (p-value: 0,076; OR: 2,213; CI: 0,033-1,355), dan kematian (p-value: 0,335; OR: 2,686; CI: 0,308-26,686) akibat COVID-19 lebih tinggi daripada pasien dari Etnis Non-Jawa. Hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian masih sangat terbatas dikarenakan kurang heterogennya data, periode pengambilan waktu yang terbatas dari Januari 2021-Juni 2022, serta tempat pengambilan sampel yang terbatas pada RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Secara keseluruhan, tidak terdapat hasil signifikan secara statistik antara golongan darah ABO dan etnis terhadap risiko infeksi COVID-19 di RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya.

ABSTRACT

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN ABO BLOOD TYPE AND ETHNICITY TO THE RISK OF COVID-19 INFECTION IN PATIENTS AT RSUD DR. SOETOMO SURABAYA

COVID-19 disease is spreading quickly in highly mortality rates. Antigen and agglutinin differences in ABO blood type and ethnicity influence the risk of COVID-19 infection. The study aimed to analyze the correlation between ABO blood type and ethnicity to COVID-19 risk infection in patients at RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya of January 2021-June 2022 period. The benefits of this study is to be population genetic references toward ABO blood type and ethnicity correlation to COVID-19 infection risk especially for risk groups. 96 secondary medical records data from COVID-19 patients between January 2021 and June 2022 were retrieved using Yamane formula from total of population. The parameters used were sex, age, ICU admission, hospitalization period, comorbidity, and prognostic status. Data analysis was used chi-square, OR, Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality, independent t, and Mann-Whitney tests were performed with data categorized as one- vs. all-manner to identify towards ABO blood type and ethnicity to the parameters that used. O blood type patients risk highest COVID-19 infection (38.5%) and mortality (p-value: 0.178; OR: 1.789; CI: 0.768-4,171). Meanwhile, AB blood type patients have the highest rate of ICU admission (p-value: 0.178; OR: 1.789; CI: 0.607-14.417). Javanese Ethnicity patients risk of COVID-19 infection (94.8%), ICU admission (p-value: 0.076; CI: 0.0-1.355), and mortality (p-value: 0.335; OR: 2.868; CI: 0.308-26.686) than Non-Javanese Ethnicity. The results obtained in this study are still very limited due to the lack of heterogeneous data; a limited period from January 2021-June 2022, as well as limited sampling place at RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Overall, there was no statistically significant result between ABO blood type and ethnicity to the risk of COVID-19 infection at RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. 

Keywords: ABO blood type, Ethnicity, Infection, COVID-19, RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya.