Penanda Karakter Varitas Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi

Character Markers of Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Varieties Based on Morphological Characters

Rambutan merupakan buah eksotik yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Rambutan mudah melakukan penyerbukan silang sehingga mengakibatkan tingginya kemungkinan munculnya varitas baru dan semakin sulit untuk dibedakan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan tujuan untuk menentukan penanda karakter morfologi tujuh varitas rambutan. Prosedur penelitian meliputi tahap eksplorasi dan koleksi, pengamatan dan pengukuran, serta analisis penanda karakter. Eksplorasi dan koleksi dilakukan di Kecamatan Cileungsi dan Desa Bojong Kulur, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. Sampel penelitian berupa ranting dengan daun dan buah dari tujuh varitas rambutan meliputi Sikoneng, Binjai, Aceh Lebak, Simacan, Sinyonya, Kerikil, dan Gula Batu. Bukti morfologi berupa 6 karakter kuantitatif dan 24 karakter kualitatif. Sebanyak 30 karakter yang dianalisis dengan Principal Component Analysis untuk menentukan karakter penanda tujuh varitas rambutan. Karakter penanda yang ditentukan digunakan sebagai kunci identifikasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa karakter yang dapat digunakan antara lain: permukaan tangkai daun, bentuk ujung lamina, banyak buah pertandan, bentuk buah, warna kulit buah, berat kulit buah, kerataan warna kulit buah, ketertarikan buah, kerapatan rambut buah, warna rambut buah, warna aril, tekstur aril, kandungan air aril, aroma aril, kelekatan aril dengan kulit ari biji, kelekatan kulit ari biji dengan biji dan bentuk biji.

Rambutan is an exotic fruit that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. Rambutan is easy to crosspollinate, resulting in a high probability of the emergence of new varieties and increasingly difficult to distinguish. This research was a quantitative descriptive study aimed to determine the morphological markers of seven rambutan varieties. The research procedures were exploration and collection, observation and measurement, also analysis character markers. Exploration and collection were carried out in Cileungsi District and Bojong Kulur Village, Bogor District, West Java. The research sample consisted of twigs with leaves and fruit from seven varieties of rambutan including Sikoneng, Binjai, Aceh Lebak, Simacan, Sinyonya, Kerikil, and Gula Batu. Morphological evidence including 6 quantitative characters and 24 qualitative characters. A total of 30 characters were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis to determine the morphological markers of seven rambutan varieties. The results of the analysis show that the characters that can be used include: petiole surface, leaflet apex shape, number of fruits per inflorescence, fruit shape, fruit skin color, fruit rind weight, uniformity of color on fruit surface, fruit attractiveness, spine density, spine color, aril color, aril texture, aril juiciness, aril aroma, attachment aril to seed, adherence of testa to aril, and seed shape.