Predictive Justice as an Innovation in the Criminal Justice System: A Comparative Study of Indonesia and the Netherlands

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh berkembangnya penggunaan kecerdasan buatan dalam sistem peradilan pidana melalui konsep predictive justice, sementara Indonesia belum memiliki pengaturan hukum yang jelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaturan predictive justice dalam penilaian risiko kriminal di Indonesia dan Belanda serta mengkaji tantangan yuridis dalam penerapannya di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan perbandingan hukum. Analisis dilakukan secara preskriptif dan komparatif terhadap bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Belanda telah menerapkan predictive justice secara terstruktur sebagai alat bantu penilaian risiko kriminal, sedangkan Indonesia masih berada pada tahap awal tanpa dasar hukum eksplisit. Penelitian ini juga menemukan tantangan yuridis utama berupa potensi pelanggaran asas praduga tidak bersalah, masalah transparansi dan akuntabilitas algoritma, serta perlindungan data pribadi. Simpulan penelitian menegaskan bahwa predictive justice hanya dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu hakim dan tidak boleh menggantikan proses pembuktian. Saran penelitian ini mendorong pembentukan regulasi khusus yang menjamin due process of law dan pengawasan manusia dalam penggunaan predictive justice di Indonesia. 

This research is based on the increasing use of artificial intelligence in the criminal justice system through predictive justice, while Indonesia has not yet established clear legal regulations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the regulation of predictive justice in criminal risk assessment in Indonesia and the Netherlands and to examine the juridical challenges of its integration into the Indonesian criminal justice system. This research applies normative legal research using statutory and comparative approaches. The analysis is conducted prescriptively and comparatively by examining primary and secondary legal materials. The findings show that the Netherlands has implemented predictive justice in a structured manner as a decision support tool for criminal risk assessment, whereas Indonesia remains at an early stage without explicit legal regulation. The study also identifies key juridical challenges, including risks to the presumption of innocence, issues of algorithmic transparency and accountability, and personal data protection. This research concludes that predictive justice should function only as a support tool for judges and must not replace judicial reasoning or evidentiary processes. The study recommends the formulation of specific regulations that ensure due process of law and human oversight in the use of predictive justice in Indonesia.