Studi Kadar Logam Berat Kadmium (Cd) pada Tumbuhan Air di Sungai Buntung Sidoarjo

Study of Heavy Metal Cadmium (Cd) Levels in Water Plants in The Buntung River Sidoarjo

Kadmium (Cd) merupakan logam berat yang dapat ditemukan di Sungai yang daerah aliran sungainya terdapat berbagai macam industri, pemukiman penduduk, maupun daerah pertanian seperti Sungai Buntung Sidoarjo. Cd dapat terakumulasi di air Sungai Buntung dan tumbuhan air didalamnya. Tumbuhan air yang toleran terhadap Cd dapat dijadikan bioakumulator. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui kadar Cd pada air sungai dan tanaman air di perairan Sungai Buntung Sidoarjo, serta kesesuaiannya dengan baku mutu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus hingga Desember 2020. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode observasional yaitu dengan pengambilan sampel tumbuhan air (Eichhornia crassipes; Ipomea aquatica) dan air sungai di Sungai Buntung, Sidoarjo yang selanjutnya dianalisis kadar Cd beserta analisis kualitas air sungai tersebut. Analisis kadar logam berat Cd dilakukan di Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri (Baristand) Surabaya dengan metode Atomic Absorbtion Spectrofotometer (AAS), pengujian kualitas air meliputi suhu dan kecepatan arus dilakukan dilapangan; pengujian DO, pH, dan kekeruhan dilakukan di Laboratorium Ekologi, Jurusan Biologi, Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Hasil penelitian ini adalah kadar logam berat Cd tertinggi pada Eichhornia crassipes yaitu 0,028 ± 0,000 ppm, dan kadar logam berat Cd pada air sungai yaitu 0,002 ± 0,000 ppm. Kadar pada tanaman air dan air sungai tersebut masih di bawah baku mutu yang telah ditetapkan yaitu masih dibawah 0,2 ppm untuk tumbuhan air menurut  SNI 7387:2009 dan 0,01 ppm untuk air sungai menurut PP RI No.82 Tahun 2001. Kualitas air Sungai Buntung termasuk baik karena sesuai dengan baku mutu menurut PP RI No.82 Tahun 2001.

Kata kunci: Kadmium; tumbuhan air; kualitas air; Sungai Buntung Sidoarjo

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that can be found in rivers whose watersheds contain various kinds of industries, residential areas, and agricultural areas such as the Buntung River Sidoarjo. Cd can accumulate in Buntung River water and aquatic plants in it. Aquatic plants that are tolerant of Cd can be used as bioaccumulators. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the levels of Cd in river water and aquatic plants in the waters of the Buntung River Sidoarjo and its suitability with quality standards. This research was conducted from August to December 2020. The method used was an observational method, namely by taking samples of aquatic plants (Eichhornia crassipes; Ipomea aquatica) and river water in the Buntung River, Sidoarjo which was then analyzed for Cd levels along with analysis of the river water quality. Analysis of Cd heavy metal content was carried out at the Surabaya Industrial Research and Standardization Center (Baristand) using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) method, testing water quality including temperature and current velocity carried out in the field; DO, pH, and turbidity testing was carried out at the Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Surabaya State University. The results of this study were that the highest Cd heavy metal content in Eichhornia crassipes was 0.028 ± 0.000 ppm, and the Cd heavy metal content in river water was 0.002 ± 0.000 ppm. The levels in aquatic plants and river water are still below the predetermined quality standards, which are still below 0.2 ppm for aquatic plants according to SNI 7387: 2009 and 0.01 ppm for river water according to PP RI No.82 of 2001. Water quality Sungai Buntung is considered good because it is in accordance with quality standards according to PP RI No.82 of 2001.

Key words: Cadmium; aquatic plants; water quality; Sidoarjo Buntung River