DEVELOPMENT OF E-LAPD ORIENTED TOWARDS THE ETHNOSCIENCE LEARNING MODEL IN ACID-BASE MATERIAL TO IMPROVE STUDENTS' CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS

Materi asam basa memerlukan kemampuan berpikir kritis untuk memahami konsep dan menghubungkannya dengan kehidupan sehari hari. Namun, kemampuan berpikir kritis murid, khususnya pada indikator inferensi dan eksplanasi, masih perlu ditingkatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan e-LAPD berorientasi model pembelajaran etnosains pada materi asam basa yang valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis murid. Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan 4D yang dibatasi hingga tahap develop. Uji coba dilakukan di SMA Hang Tuah 1 Surabaya terhadap 29 murid kelas XI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan e-LAPD memenuhi kriteria valid berdasarkan validasi isi dan konstruk dengan median ≥4 berkategori sangat baik. Kepraktisan ditunjukkan oleh hasil observasi aktivitas murid sebesar 93% dan angket respons murid sebesar 95,6%, keduanya berkategori sangat baik. Keefektifan ditunjukkan oleh nilai N Gain kemampuan berpikir kritis sebesar 0,71 berkategori tinggi dan hasil uji Paired Sample t-Test dengan nilai signifikansi 0,001. Indikator inferensi dan eksplanasi memperoleh nilai N-Gain berturut-turut sebesar 0,76 dan 0,71 berkategori tinggi. Ketuntasan hasil belajar murid mencapai 100%. Dengan demikian, e-LAPD dinyatakan layak digunakan karena memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis murid. 

Acid-base is one of the chemistry topics that requires critical thinking skills to understand concepts and relate them to phenomena in everyday life. However, students' critical thinking skills, particularly in the indicators of inference and explanation, still need to be improved. This study aimed to develop an ethnoscience-oriented electronic student worksheet (e-LAPD) on acid-base materials that is valid, practical, and effective in improving students' critical thinking skills. This research employed the 4D development model and was limited to the develop stage. The trial was conducted at SMA Hang Tuah 1 Surabaya involving 29 eleventh-grade students. The results showed that the developed e LAPD met the validity criteria based on content and construct validation with a median score of ≥4, categorized as very good. Its practicality was indicated by students' activity observation results of 93% and student response questionnaire results of 95.6%, both categorized as very good. Its effectiveness was demonstrated by a critical thinking skills N-Gain score of 0.71 (high category) and a Paired Sample t-Test significance value of 0.001. The inference and explanation indicators obtained N-Gain scores of 0.76 and 0.71, respectively, both in the high category. In addition, students' learning outcomes achieved 100% classical mastery. Therefore, the ethnoscience-oriented e-LAPD was considered feasible for use as it met the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness in improving students' critical thinking skills.