Urgensi Kriminalisasi terhadap Financial Influencer atas Penyalahgunaan Pengaruh dalam Penyebaran Informasi Edukatif Tanpa Keahlian di Indonesia

The Urgency of Criminalizing the Abuse of Influence by Financial Influencers in Disseminating Financial Educational Information Without Professional Expertise in Indonesia

Financial influencer memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap keputusan finansial jutaan pengikutnya melalui konten edukasi keuangan, namun pengaruh ini berpotensi disalahgunakan ketika informasi yang disampaikan berada di luar keahliannya, tanpa hubungan endorsement maupun komisi afiliasi. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaturan hukum pidana positif Indonesia terhadap penyalahgunaan pengaruh financial influencer edukator serta urgensi kriminalisasinya, menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif (perundang-undangan dan konseptual) dengan teknik analisis preskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan UU ITE, UUPK, KUHP Nasional, dan POJK Nomor 6 Tahun 2026 belum komprehensif mengatur pertanggungjawaban pidana financial influencer edukator, karena kategori edukasi dalam regulasi tersebut justru tidak mensyaratkan keahlian apapun. Berdasarkan teori pertanggungjawaban pidana Moeljatno, teori perlindungan hukum Hadjon, dan teori kriminalisasi Barda Nawawi Arief, penyalahgunaan pengaruh tersebut, baik disengaja maupun karena kealpaan, memenuhi seluruh kriteria kriminalisasi. Penelitian menyimpulkan kriminalisasi terhadap financial influencer edukator bersifat urgen dan merekomendasikan pembentukan norma pidana melalui revisi undang-undang disertai penguatan sertifikasi keahlian dalam regulasi sektoral.

Financial influencers hold significant sway over the financial decisions of millions of followers through financial education content, yet this influence may be abused when the information disseminated falls outside the disseminator's expertise, absent any endorsement or affiliate commission from third parties. This study analyzes Indonesia's positive criminal law regarding this abuse of influence by educational financial influencers and assesses the urgency of its criminalization, using a normative juridical approach with statutory and conceptual methods, analyzed prescriptively. Findings reveal that the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, the Consumer Protection Law, the National Criminal Code, and Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 6 of 2026 have not comprehensively regulated the criminal liability of educational financial influencers, as the educational category under the latter regulation notably requires no expertise whatsoever. Based on Moeljatno's theory of criminal liability, Hadjon's theory of legal protection, and Barda Nawawi Arief's theory of criminalization, this abuse of influence—whether intentional (dolus) or negligent (culpa)—fulfills all criteria for criminalization. The study concludes that criminalizing educational financial influencers is urgent, recommending new criminal norms through statutory revision alongside strengthened expertise certification within existing sectoral regulations.