Pengembangan Buku Panduan Membaca Artefak Budaya Visual di Tulungagung

Setiawan, Fathoni. 2022. Pengembangan Buku Panduan Membaca Artefak Budaya Visual di Tulungagung. Tesis. Program Studi Pendidikan Seni Budaya, Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Pembimbing : (1)Djuli Djatiprambudi, (2) I Nyoman Lodra.

Kata kunci: Buku Panduan, Analisis, Semiotika, Artefak, Hindu-Buddha.

Berdasarkan pengamatan dan survey yang telah dilakukan terhadap masyarakat di Tulungagung, ditemukan permasalahan berupa rendahnya pengetahuan tentang budaya visual. Hal ini selaras dengan minimnya kemampuan masayrakat dalam mengidentifikasi budaya visual. Selama ini masyarakat cenderung hanya mewarisi budaya visual tanpa memahami makna dibaliknya. Ketidaktahuan yang dialami masyarakat ini di masa lalu terbukti pernah berakibat fatal seperti perusakan situs dan beragam artefak. Dalam penelitian ini ditentukan batasan budaya visual yang dipelajari yaitu masa klasik Hindu-Buddha dengan batasan wilayah Kabupaten Tulungagung. Masa klasik Hindu-Buddha dipilih dengan pertimbangan masa ini adalah pijakan penting untuk melacak perubahan dan perkembangan budaya visual tradisi bahkan yang masih berlaku hingga hari ini. Hasil budaya visual masa klasik Hindu-Buddha hingga hari ini sudah banyak menjadi korban karena minimnya pengetahuan yang dimiliki masyarakat. Meskipun terdapat lembaga khusus yang menangani artefak peninggalan budaya visual seperti Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya, proses edukasi masih sering jalan di tempat. Dengan dibuatnya buku panduan diharapakan proses belajar tentang budaya visual—khususnya masa klasik Hindu-buddha—bisa dimaksimalkan agar dapat berkembang lebih cepat.

Dalam penelitian pengembangan ini digunakan model pengembangan ADDIE dengan tahapan Analize, Design, Develop, Implement and Evaluate. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan angket. Data analisis dengan menggunakan perhutungan prosentase untuk validasi, respon, serta uji coba hasil belajar siswa.

Hasil penelitian diambil dari beberapa tahap sebagai berikut: (1) Proses pengembangan buku panduan membaca artefak masa klasik Hindu-Buddha terdiri dari 5 tahap yaitu pendefisian, tahap perancangan, tahap pengembangan, tahap pelaksanaan dan tahap evaluasi. (2) Kualitas buku panduan membaca artefak masa klasik Hindu-Buddha berdasarkan Kelayakan materi I mendapatkan prosentase sebesar 98% dengan kategori sangat layak digunakan. Kelayakan materi II mendapatkan prosentase sebesar 95% dengan kategori sangat layak digunakan.Kelayakan Kegrafikan mendapatkan prosentase sebesar 93% dengan kategori sangat layak digunakan. Kelayakan Kebahasaan mendapatkan nilai prosentase sebesar 97% dengan kategori sangat layak digunakan. (3) keefektifan buku panduan membaca artefak masa klasik Hindu-Buddha dilihat dari respon konsumen ahli mendapatkan prosentase sebesar 77% hingga 100% dengan kategori sangat layak. Respon konsumen mendapatkan prosentase sebesar 70% hingga 98% dengan kategori sangat layak. Hasil belajar mendapatkan prosentase dengan rentang 7% hingga 46%.

Setiawan, Fathoni. 2022. Development of a Guidebook for Reading Visual Cultural Artifacts in Tulungagung. Thesis. Cultural Arts Education Study Program, Postgraduate State University of Surabaya. Supervisor : (1)Djuli Djatiprambudi, (2) I Nyoman Lodra.

Keywords: Guidebook, Analysis, Semiotics, Artifacts, Hindu-Buddhist.

Based on observations and surveys that have been carried out on the community in Tulungagung, it was found that the problem was the lack of knowledge about visual culture. This is in line with the community's lack of ability to identify visual culture. So far, people tend to only inherit visual culture without understanding the meaning behind it. Ignorance experienced by this community in the past has proven to be fatal, such as the destruction of sites and various artifacts. In this study, the boundaries of the visual culture studied were determined, namely the classical Hindu-Buddhist period with the boundaries of the Tulungagung Regency. The Hindu-Buddhist classical period was chosen with the consideration that this period is an important step to trace the changes and developments of visual culture, traditions that are still valid today. The results of the visual culture of the classical Hindu-Buddhist period to this day have become victims due to the lack of knowledge of the community. Although there are special institutions that handle visual cultural heritage artifacts such as the Balai Peletarian Cagar Budaya, the educational process is still slow. With the creation of a guide book, it is hoped that the learning process about visual culture—especially the classical Hindu-Buddhist period—can be maximized so that it can develop faster.

In this development research, the ADDIE development model is used with the stages of Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement and Evaluate. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and questionnaires. Data analysis using percentage calculations for validation, response, and testing of student learning outcomes.

The results of the study were taken from several stages as follows: (1) The process of developing a manual for reading artifacts from the Hindu-Buddhist classical period consisted of 5 stages, namely the definition, the design stage, the development stage, the implementation stage and the evaluation stage. (2) The quality of the manual for reading artifacts from the Hindu-Buddhist classical period based on the Feasibility of material I gets a percentage of 98% with a very suitable category for use. Feasibility of material II gets a percentage of 95% with a very suitable category for use. Feasibility of Graphics gets a percentage of 93% with a very suitable category for use. Language Feasibility got a percentage value of 97% with a very suitable category for use. (3) the effectiveness of the manual for reading artifacts from the Hindu-Buddhist classical period seen from the response of expert consumers to get a percentage of 77% to 100% with a very decent category. Consumer responses get a percentage of 70% to 98% with a very decent category. Learning outcomes get a percentage with a range of 7% to 46%.