Kadar Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Tumbuhan Aquatik dan Air Sebagai Indikator Kualitas Air Sungai Brangkal Mojokerto
Levels of Heavy Metal Lead (Pb) Aquatic Plants and Water as an Indicator of Water Quality in Brangkal Mojokerto River
ABSTRAK
Pertambahan pemukiman di sepanjang aliran sungai (DAS) Sungai Brangkal memicu terjadinya peningkatan polusi, berupa timbal (Pb). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat pencemaran air Sungai Brangkal, Mojokerto berdasarkan timbal (Pb) pada tumbuhan (Typha angustifolia, Ipomea aquatica, dan Eichhornia crassipes) sebagai bioindikator pencemaran perairan. Data diambil di 3 stasiun dengan jarak antar stasiun ± 1000 m. Parameter yang diukur yaitu kadar Pb pada tumbuhan dan air sungai meliputi suhu, pH, DO, kekeruhan, dan kecepatan arus. Analisis kadar timbal (Pb) dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Gizi FKM,Unair menggunakan metode (AAS), Pengukuran DO dan kekeruhan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ekologi Biologi FMIPA, Unesa, sedangkan pengukuran suhu, pH, dan kecepatan arus dilakukan in situ. Hasil pengukuran timbal (Pb) pada tumbuhan akuatik mengacu pada SNI 7387:2009 sedangkan penilaian terhadap kadar logam Pb dan kualitas air sungai mengacu pada pada PP. No 82 Tahun 2001. Hasil penelitian timbal (Pb) di stasiun I, II, dan III pada tumbuhan T. angustifolia sebesar (0,071, 0,085, dan 0,074) ppm; I. aquatica sebesar (0,018, 0,024, dan 0,017) ppm; dan E. crassipes sebesar (0,073, 0,067, dan 0,081) ppm. Kadar timbal (Pb) pada air Sungai Brangkal pada stasiun I,II 0,002 ppm, dan stasiun III 0,006 ppm memenuhi baku mutu menurut PP No 82 tahun 2001 berkategori baik.
Kata kunci: Sungai Brangkal Tumbuhan akuati k, Timbal (Pb).
ABSTRACT
The increase of residential and industrial areas along the drainage basin (DAS) of the Brangkal River has triggered the increase of pollution, one of which was the heavy metal lead (Pb). This study aimed to determine the level of water pollution in the Brangkal River, Mojokerto based on the levels of heavy metals (Pb) in some aquatic plants (Typha angustiolia, Ipomea aquatic, and Eichhornia crassipes) as bioindicator of water pollution. Data were taken at 3 stations with a distance between each station is ± 1000 m. The research was conducted in the dry season. The measured parameters were Pb in plants and river water’s charateristics such as temperature, pH, DO, turbidity, and current velocity. The analysis of Lead (Pb) levels was carried out at the Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) method. DO and turbidity measurement were carried out at the Ecology Laboratory of the department of Biologi, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Unesa. While measuring temperature, pH, turbidity, and current velocity were carried out in situ. The results of measurement of lead (Pb) levels in aquatic plants were compared to the quality standards according to SNI 7387: 2009, while the assessment of Pb metal content and river water quality based on quality standards in PP. Nomer 82 of 2001. The results showed that the average levels of lead (Pb) at stations I, II, and III in T. angustifolia plants were (0.071, 0.085, and 0.074) ppm; I. aquatica (0.018, 0.024, and 0.017) ppm; and E. crassipes (0.073, 0.067, and 0.081) ppm. Heavy metal (Pb) levels in Brangkal River water at the station I 0.002 ppm, station II 0.002 ppm, and station III 0.006 ppm met the quality standards according to PP Nomer 82 / 2001 which was categorized good.
Key words: Brangkal River, Aquatic plants, Lead (Pb)