Pengembangan Perangkat Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan PhET dan Fenomena Engklek Untuk Meningkatkan  Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMA  

Development of a Problem Based Learning Model Device Assisted by PhET and the Engklek Phenomenon to Improve High School Students' Critical Thinking Skills

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan perangkat model Problem Based Learning berbantuan PhET dan fenomena engklek yang valid, efektif dan praktis yang digunakann untuk melatihkan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik pada materi gerak parabola. Model 4D (Decide, Design, Develop, dan Disseminate) digunakan dalam penelitian pengembangan ini. Teknik pengambilan data untuk menentukan kevalidan perangkat model Problem Based Learning diperoleh dari tiga validator yakni dua dosen ahli di bidang media Pendidikan Fisika dari Universitas Negeri Surabaya serta satu guru fisika. Dalam menentukan kepraktisan didapatkan melalui keterlaksanaan dan kendala dalam pembelajaran oleh dua pengamat serta hasil berpikir kritis berbasis proses melalui pengerjaan LKPD. Keefektifan diperoleh dari hasil pretest dan posttest serta respon peserta didik terhadap pembelajaran modul Problem Based Learning. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 84 peserta didik (kelas XI-4, XI-5 dan XI-7) SMA Negeri 19 Surabaya. Seluruh perangkat penelitian ini menggunakan skala likert. Hasil dari penelitian pengembangan ini adalah menghasilkan perangkat (modul Problem Based Learning) yang layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran dengan presentase rata-rata kevalidan sebesar 93,75% dengan kategori sangat valid. Keterlaksanaan dan kendala pembelajaran yang menggunakan modul Problem Based Learning mendapatkan 92,38% dengan kategori sangat praktis. Hasil berpikir kritis peserta didik berbasis proses yang diperoleh dari LKPD diperoleh rata-rata sebesar 75,5% dengan kategori baik. Berdasarkan hasil pretest dan posttest, peserta didik mengalami peningkatan dengan rata-rata n-gain score sebesar 0,70 dengan kategori sedang. Respon peserta didik terhadap pembelajaran yang menggunakan modul Problem Based Learning  didapatkan hasil rata rata sebesar 91% dengan kategori sangat efektif. Dengan demikian perangkat model Problem Based Learning berbantuan PhET dan fenomena engklek dinyatakan layak digunakan ditinjau dari kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan dalam pembelajaran.

Kata kunci: Problem Based Learning, Engklek, Berpikir Kritis

The purpose of this study was to produce a valid, effective, and practical Problem-Based Learning model assisted by PhET and the engklek phenomenon, which is used to train students' critical thinking skills in parabolic motion. The 4D model (Decide, Design, Develop, and Disseminate) was used in this development study. Data collection techniques to determine the validity of the Problem-Based Learning model were obtained from three validators: two experts in physics education media from Surabaya State University and one physics teacher. Practicality was determined through the implementation and challenges in learning observed by two observers, as well as the results of critical thinking based on the process through the completion of worksheets. Effectiveness was obtained from the results of pre-tests and post-tests, as well as students' responses to the Problem-Based Learning module. The research subjects were 84 students (classes XI-4, XI-5, and XI-7) from State High School 19 Surabaya. All research instruments used a Likert scale. The results of this development study produced a module (Problem-Based Learning module) suitable for use as a learning medium with an average validity percentage of 93.75%, categorized as highly valid. The implementation and challenges of learning using the Problem-Based Learning module scored 92.38%, categorized as highly practical. The critical thinking skills of students based on the process obtained from the LKPD achieved an average of 75.5%, categorized as good. Based on the pretest and posttest results, students showed improvement with an average n-gain score of 0.70, categorized as moderate. The students' response to learning using the Problem-Based Learning module yielded an average result of 91% with a very effective category. Thus, the Problem-Based Learning model assisted by PhET and the engklek phenomenon is deemed suitable for use in terms of validity, practicality, and effectiveness in learning.

Keywords: Problem-Based Learning, Engklek, Critical Thinking