Biodiversitas Dan Kadar Logam Berat Pb Tumbuhan Aquatik Terapung di Sungai Brantas Mojokerto Sebagai Bioindikator Pencemaran Timbal

Biodiversity And Pb Heavy Metal Contents Of Floating Aquatic Plants in The Brantas Mojokerto River As A Bioindicator Of Lead Pollution

    Bioindikator logam berat Pb pada perairan dapat diketahui dari tumbuhan aquatic terapung. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengeksplorasi tumbuhan aquatic terapung yang dapat berfungsi sebagai bioindikator Pb. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan observasional in situ. Data diambil secara purposif di tiga stasiun dan masing-masing berjarak 600m. Parameter penelitian yang di ukur meliputi diversitas dan densitas tumbuhan akuatik terapung, kadar Pb pada tumbuhan akuatik dan air sungai, serta faktor fisik dan kimia perairan (suhu, pH, kadar oksigen terlarut dan BOD). Identifikasi tumbuhan akuatik terapung menggunakan aplikasi PlanNet. Pengukuran parameter kualitas air secara in situ di laboratorium Ekologi Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Kadar Pb dianalisis dengan metode AAS. Analisis data secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan empat jenis tumbuhan akuatik terapung diantaranya Ipomoea aquatica, Eichhornia crassipes, , Lemna minor, serta Salvinia molesta dengan indeks biodiversitas stasiun 1=0,546 (kategori rendah) , stasiun 2= 1,159 (kategori sedang), dan stasiun 3= 0,929 (kategori rendah). Tumbuhan akuatik terapung yang paling dominan adalah Eichhornia crassipes ditemukan pada semua stasiun. Kadar Pb tumbuhan akuatik terapung 0,068 mg/Kg diatas baku mutu (0,008 mg/Kg) dan kadar Pb air 0,003 mg/L masih dibawah baku mutu. Stasiun 2 (area pembuangan limbah) mengandung kadar Pb paling tinggi dengan nilai 0.004 mg/L. Disimpulkan tumbuhan akuatik terapung yang terdapat di area sungai Brantas Mojokerto, dapat digunakan untuk bioindikator Pb.

Kata kunci: Tumbuhan aquatic terapung, Pb, sungai Brantas Mojokerto

    Bioindicators of heavy metal Pb in water can be seen from floating aquatic plants. The purpose of study to explore floating aquatic plants that can function as Pb bioindicators. Research used was observational in situ. Data were collected purposively at three stations each 600m apart. Various research parameters and diversity of floating aquatic plants, Pb levels on water and river water plants, physical and chemical factors in the water (dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, and BOD). Identification of floating aquatic plants using the PlanNet application. Measurement of water quality parameters in situ in the Ecology laboratory of the Department of Biology, FMIPA, State University of Surabaya. Pb levels were analyzed using the AAS method. Data analysis was descriptive qualitative. The results showed four types of floating aquatic plants including Ipomoea aquatica, Eichhornia crassipes, Lemna minor, and Salvinia molesta with biodiversity index of station 1 = 0.546 (low category), station 2 = 1.159 (medium category), and station 3 = 0.929 (category low). The most dominant floating aquatic plants are Eichhornia crassipes found at all stations. The Pb content of floating aquatic plants was 0.068 mg / Kg above the quality standard (0.008 mg / Kg) and the Pb content of water 0.003 mg / L was still below the quality standard. Station 2 (waste disposal area) contains the highest Pb content with a value of 0.004 mg / L. It was concluded that floating aquatic plants in the Brantas Mojokerto river area could be used as Pb bioindicators.

Key words: floating aquatic plants, Pb, Brantas Mojokerto river