Pengembangan LKPD Berbasis Problem Based Learning Bermuatan Etnosains untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik pada Materi Ikatan Kimia

Development of Problem Based Learning and Ethnoscience-based Worksheet to Improve Students’ Critical Thinking Skills on Chemical Bonding Material

Pembelajaran kimia melalui kurikulum merdeka mengutamakan peningkatan keterampilan abad 21 termasuk keterampilan berpikir kritis. Akibat dari keterbatasan dalam berpikir kritis, peserta didik mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami materi kimia berbasis teori, seperti materi ikatan kimia. Dengan pembelajaran berbasis masalah yang mengintegrasikan konten etnosains dapat menjadikan pembelajaran lebih bermakna merupakan salah satu cara untuk melatih dan meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan LKPD yang layak untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis dengan berbasis Problem Based Learning bermuatan etnosains pada materi ikatan kimia untuk peserta didik kelas XI SMA. Metode R&D dengan desain 4D digunakan namun dibatasi pada tahap Develop. Penelitian dilakukan di SMAN 16 Surabaya dengan subjek penelitian kelas XI-8 sebanyak 36 peserta didik selama 3 pertemuan. Instrumen penelitian terdiri dari lembar validasi, lembar angket respon peserta didik, lembar observasi aktivitas peserta didik, dan lembar tes keterampilan berpikir kritis. Kelayakan penelitian ini ditinjau dari validitas, kepraktisan dan keefektifan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, LKPD dinyatakan valid dengan memperoleh median 5 dari tiga validator. Kepraktisan LKPD diketahui dari angket respon peserta didik dengan persentase sebesar 99,4% dengan kategori praktis dan lembar observasi aktivitas peserta didik dengan persentase sebesar 93,9% dengan kategori praktis. Hasil uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 0,05 yang berarti LKPD efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis. Nilai N-gain untuk indikator interpretasi adalah 0,66, analisis adalah 0,63, evaluasi adalah 0,80, dan inferensi adalah 0,78. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan LKPD berbasis Problem Based Learning bermuatan etnosains pada materi ikatan kimia layak untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik secara signifikan.

Kata kunci: LKPD, Problem Based Learning, Etnosains, Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis, Ikatan Kimia

Chemistry learning through the independent curriculum prioritizes improving 21^st century skills including critical thinking skills. As a result of limitations in critical thinking, students have difficulty in understanding theory-based chemistry materials, such as chemical bonding materials. With problem-based learning that integrates ethnoscience content, learning can be made more meaningful and is a way to train and improve critical thinking skills. The purpose of this research is to produce student worksheet that is eligible to improve critical thinking skills based on Problem Based Learning containing ethnoscience on chemical bonding materials for XI grade of high school students. The R&D method with a 4D design was used but was limited to the develop stage. The study was conducted at SMAN 16 Surabaya with 36 students of class XI-8 research subjects for 3 meetings. The research instruments consisted of validation sheets, student response questionnaire sheets, student activity observation sheets, and critical thinking skills test sheets. The eligibility of this study was reviewed from the validity, practicality and effectiveness. Based on the results of the study, worksheet was declared valid by obtaining a median of 5 from three validators. The practicality of worksheet is known from the student response questionnaire with a percentage of 99.4% with a practical category and student activity observation sheets with a percentage of 93.9% with a practical category. The results of the Wilcoxon test show a significance value of 0.000 <0.05, which means that student worksheet is effective in improving critical thinking skills. The N-gain value for the interpretation indicator is 0.66, analysis is 0.63, evaluation is 0.80, and inference is 0.78. These results indicate that student worksheet based on Problem Based Learning with ethnoscience content on chemical bonding material is eligible to significantly improve students' critical thinking skills.

Keywords: Student Worksheet, Problem Based Learning, Ethnoscience, Critical Thinking Skills, Chemical Bonding