Pengembangan E-LKPD Interaktif untuk Melatih Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik Kelas X pada Materi Virus

Development of Interactive Electronic Student Worksheets to Train Grade X Students' Critical Thinking Skills on Virus Topic

Rendahnya kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik di Indonesia berdasarkan hasil PISA 2022 menjadi tantangan serius, yang sejalan dengan hasil observasi di SMAS Kartika IV-3 Surabaya bahwa guru masih jarang menggunakan E-LKPD. Bahan ajar yang digunakan masih bersifat konvensional, pembelajaran digital masih terbatas, serta materi virus dianggap sulit karena bersifat abstrak dan sulit digambarkan. Kondisi ini mendorong perlunya inovasi bahan ajar digital yang mampu mendorong keterlibatan aktif siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan E-LKPD interaktif pada materi virus untuk melatih keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik kelas X yang memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis, dan efektif. Penelitian pengembangan ini menerapkan model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation). Uji coba dilakukan secara terbatas terhadap 20 peserta didik kelas X di SMAS Kartika IV-3 Surabaya. Validitas diukur melalui penilaian dosen ahli media dan dosen ahli materi. Kepraktisan diukur melalui lembar observasi keterlaksanaan aktivitas peserta didik dan angket respons peserta didik. Keefektifan ditinjau dari hasil belajar pre-test dan post-test yang mencakup lima indikator keterampilan berpikir kritis: interpretasi, analisis, eksplanasi, inferensi, dan evaluasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa E-LKPD memperoleh rata-rata nilai validitas keseluruhan sebesar 96,75% dengan kriteria sangat valid. Kepraktisan E-LKPD dinilai sangat praktis, ditunjukkan dari persentase keterlaksanaan aktivitas pembelajaran sebesar 100% (kriteria sangat tinggi) dan angket respons positif peserta didik sebesar 100% (kriteria sangat tinggi). Adapun keefektifan E-LKPD ditinjau dari peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik yang mengalami kenaikan nilai rata-rata dari 58,5 menjadi 89,5 dengan ketuntasan klasikal mencapai 100%. Selain itu, diperoleh rata-rata indeks Normalized Gain (N-Gain) sebesar 0,73 yang tergolong dalam kriteria tinggi. Dengan demikian, E-LKPD interaktif pada materi virus dinyatakan valid, praktis, dan efektif dalam melatih keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik kelas X.

The low critical thinking skills of students in Indonesia based on the results of PISA 2022 is a serious challenge, which is in line with the results of observations at SMAS Kartika IV-3 Surabaya that teachers still rarely use E-LKPD. The teaching materials used are still conventional, digital learning is still limited, and viral materials are considered difficult because they are abstract and difficult to describe. This condition encourages the need for digital teaching material innovation that is able to encourage active student involvement. This study aims to develop an interactive E-LKPD on viral material to train critical thinking skills of class X students who meet valid, practical, and effective criteria. This development research applies the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model. The trial was carried out on a limited basis for 20 students in class X at SMAS Kartika IV-3 Surabaya. Validity is measured through the assessment of media expert lecturers and material expert lecturers. Practicality is measured through observation sheets on the implementation of student activities and student response questionnaires. Effectiveness was reviewed from the pre-test and post-test learning outcomes  which included five indikators of critical thinking skills: interpretation, analysis, explanation, inference, and evaluation. The results of the study showed that E-LKPD obtained an average overall validity value of 96.75% with very valid criteria. The practicality of E-LKPD is considered very practical, as shown by the percentage of implementation of learning activities of 100% (very good criteria) and the positive response questionnaire of students of 100% (very good criteria). The effectiveness of E-LKPD was reviewed from the increase in learning outcomes of students who experienced an increase in average scores from 58.5 to 89.5 with classical completeness reaching 100%. In addition, an average Normalized Gain (N-Gain) index of 0.73 was obtained which was classified as high criteria. Thus, interactive E-LKPD on virus material was declared valid, practical, and effective in training critical thinking skills of class X students.