IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN TEACHING FACTORY DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS INDUSTRI DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN (studi multi kasus di SMKN 13 SURABAYA dan SMKS DHARMA BAHARI SURABAYA )

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEACHING FACTORY POLICY IN INDUSTRY-BASED LEARNING IN VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOLS (multi-case study at SMKN 13 SURABAYA and SMKS DHARMA BAHARI SURABAYA) 

Kebijakan Teaching Factory (TeFa) merupakan langkah strategis pemerintah dalam menyinergikan proses pembelajaran di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) dengan kebutuhan Dunia Usaha dan Dunia Industri (DUDI), sehingga lulusan memiliki keterampilan yang relevan dengan tuntutan pasar kerja masa kini. SMKN 13 Surabaya dan SMKS Dharma Bahari Surabaya menjadi sekolah pelaksana kebijakan ini, khususnya pada kompetensi keahlian Teknik Pemesinan, dengan tujuan mencetak lulusan yang profesional dan kompetitif di dunia kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji implementasi kebijakan Teaching Factory menggunakan model implementasi kebijakan George C. Edward III, yang menitikberatkan pada empat dimensi utama, yakni komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi, dan struktur birokrasi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode studi kasus, di mana data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi yang melibatkan kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah kurikulum, guru produktif, serta siswa. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman melalui proses kondensasi, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Teaching Factory di SMKN 13 Surabaya dan SMKS Dharma Bahari Surabaya berjalan cukup optimal. Komunikasi dan koordinasi antara sekolah dan industri berlangsung efektif, sumber daya manusia kompeten, dan struktur birokrasi mendukung melalui penerapan Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP). Meski demikian, peningkatan fasilitas praktik serta evaluasi berkelanjutan masih diperlukan agar implementasi Teaching Factory semakin efektif di masa mendatang.

The Teaching Factory (TeFa) policy is a strategic step by the government to synergize the learning process in Vocational High Schools (SMK) with the needs of the Business World and Industry (DUDI), so that graduates have skills relevant to the demands of the current job market. SMKN 13 Surabaya and SMKS Dharma Bahari Surabaya are the implementing schools for this policy, especially in the Mechanical Engineering expertise competency, with the aim of producing professional and competitive graduates in the world of work. This study aims to examine the implementation of the Teaching Factory policy using the George C. Edward III policy implementation model, which emphasizes four main dimensions, namely communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation involving the principal, vice principal, productive teachers, and students. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman model through a process of condensation, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the implementation of the Teaching Factory at SMKN 13 Surabaya and SMKS Dharma Bahari Surabaya were running quite optimally. Communication and coordination between the school and industry were effective, human resources were competent, and the bureaucratic structure was supportive through the implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). However, improvements to practical facilities and ongoing evaluation are still needed to ensure the implementation of the Teaching Factory is more effective in the future