Kepribadian Tokoh Utama Dalam Film 《奇迹笨小孩》Qíjì Bèn Xiǎohái Nice View  Karya 《文牧野》 Wén Mùyě: Kajian Psikologi Humanistik Abraham Maslow

Personality of the Main Character in the Film《奇迹笨小孩》Qíjì Bèn Xiǎohái Nice View Works of 《文牧野》 Wén Mùyě: A Study of Abraham Maslow's Humanistic Psychology

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk-bentuk kebutuhan tokoh utama serta menganalisis tingkat pemenuhan setiap jenjang kebutuhan berdasarkan teori Hierarki Kebutuhan Abraham Maslow. Objek penelitian ini adalah film Nice View karya Wén Mùyě. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui teknik simak bebas libat cakap dan teknik catat, sedangkan analisis data mengacu pada model Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 58 data yang merepresentasikan kebutuhan tokoh utama. Data tersebut terdiri atas 7 data kebutuhan fisiologis, 28 data kebutuhan akan rasa aman, 7 data kebutuhan kasih sayang dan rasa memiliki, 8 data kebutuhan akan penghargaan, serta 8 data kebutuhan aktualisasi diri, yang menggambarkan upaya tokoh utama dalam mengembangkan potensi dan mewujudkan tujuan hidupnya. Berdasarkan tingkat pemenuhannya, hanya 2 dari 7 data kebutuhan fisiologis yang berhasil dipenuhi. Selanjutnya, hanya 1 dari 28 data kebutuhan akan rasa aman yang terpenuhi. Pada kebutuhan kasih sayang dan rasa memiliki, dari 7 data hasilnya terpenuhi semua. Sementara itu, 2 dari 8 data kebutuhan akan penghargaan berhasil dipenuhi. Adapun 4 dari 8 data kebutuhan aktualisasi diri terpenuhi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dominannya ketidakmampuan memenuhi kebutuhan pada tingkat dasar, khususnya kebutuhan fisiologis dan rasa aman, menyebabkan proses pemenuhan kebutuhan tokoh utama tidak berlangsung secara linier sebagaimana konsep hierarki Maslow. Kondisi tersebut dipengaruhi oleh tekanan ekonomi, tanggung jawab keluarga, serta berbagai tantangan kehidupan yang dihadapi tokoh utama, sehingga pemenuhan kebutuhan pada tingkat yang lebih tinggi terjadi secara tidak berurutan dan bersifat dinamis.

Kata Kunci: Psikologi Sastra, Psikologi Humanistik, Hierarki Kebutuhan Maslow, Nice View, Jing Hao.

This research aims to identify the forms of needs of the main character and analyze the level of fulfillment of each level of needs based on Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory. The object of this research is the film Nice View by Wén Mùyě. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out using skill-free listening and note-taking techniques, while data analysis refers to the Miles and Huberman model which includes data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The research results show that there are 58 data that represent the needs of the main character. The data consists of 7 data on physiological needs, 28 data on needs for security, 7 data on needs for affection and belonging, 8 data on needs for esteem, and 8 data on needs for self-actualization, which describe the main character's efforts to develop his potential and realize his life goals. Based on the level of fulfillment, only 2 of the 7 physiological needs data were successfully fulfilled. Furthermore, only 1 out of 28 data needs for security were met. Regarding the need for love and a sense of belonging, all 7 data results were met. Meanwhile, 2 out of 8 data needs for awards were successfully fulfilled. Meanwhile, 4 of the 8 data needs for self-actualization were met. Research findings show that the dominant inability to fulfill basic level needs, especially physiological and safety needs, causes the process of fulfilling the main character's needs to not take place in a linear manner as per Maslow's hierarchical concept. These conditions are influenced by economic pressures, family responsibilities, and various life challenges faced by the main character, so that fulfilling needs at a higher level occurs non-sequentially and is dynamic.

Keywords: Literary Psychology, Humanistic Psychology, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Nice View, Jing Hao.