KUALITAS KEBAHASAAN PADA TEKS LAPORAN HASIL OBSERVASI KARANGAN SISWA KELAS X-TKP SMK NEGERI 3 SURABAYA
LINGUISTIC QUALITY IN OBSERVATION REPORT TEXTS WRITTEN BY 10th-GRADE TKP STUDENTS OF SMK NEGERI 3 SURABAYA
Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mendeskripsikan kualitas kebahasaan teks laporan hasil observasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif-deskriptif. Data berupa kata, frasa, dan kalimat dalam teks laporan hasil observasi karangan siswa siswa kelas X-TKP di SNK Negeri 3 Surabaya. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan studi dokumentasi. Data dalam penelitian diuji dengan teknik keabsahan data berupa triangulasi teori dan intra-rater. Teknik analisis data menggunakan studi analisis isi atau konten. Langkah-langkah dalam menganalisis data dilakukan dengan kategorisasi, tabulasi dan kodifikasi, analisis data, dan penyajian data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bentuk penggunaan kaidah kebahasaan dalam teks laporan hasil observasi yang meliputi frasa nomina (454 data), konjungsi (287 data), verba aktif (274 data), kata istilah/teknis (229 data), kalimat deskripsi (165 data), dan verba relasional (132 data). Kualitas kebahasaan pada teks laporan hasil observasi didasarkan pada kesesuaian penggunaaan kaidah terhadap fungsinya. Juga didukung dengan tingkat frekuensi dan persebaran data dalam penelitian. Frekuensi penggunaan kaidah kebahasaan paling banyak ialah frasa nomina, sedangkan frekuensi paling rendah yaitu verba relasional. Persebaran penggunaan kaidah kebahasaan ada pada setiap teks yakni sebanyak 20 teks laporan hasil observasi karya siswa kelas X-TKP.
Kata kunci: kualitas kebahasaan, kaidah kebahasaan, teks laporan hasil observasi
The purpose of this research is to describe the linguistic quality of observation report texts. This research uses a qualitative-descriptive method. The data consist of words, phrases, and sentences in observation report texts written by 10th-grade TKP students at SMK Negeri 3 Surabaya. Data collection was done through documentation study. The data in this research were tested using data validity techniques in the form of theory triangulation and intra-rater triangulation. Content analysis was used for data analysis. The steps in analyzing the data involved categorization, tabulation and codification, data analysis, and data presentation. The results show the use of linguistic features in observation report texts, including noun phrases (454 data), conjunctions (287 data), active verbs (274 data), technical terms (229 data), descriptive sentences (165 data), and relational verbs (132 data). The linguistic quality of an observation report text is based on the suitability of rule usage according to its function. It is also supported by the frequency and distribution of data in the research. The most frequent linguistic feature used was noun phrases, while the least frequent was relational verbs. The distribution of linguistic feature usage was found in every text, across all 20 observation report texts by 10th-grade TKP students.
Key words: Linguistic quality, linguistic rules, observation report text