Pengembangan Learning Management System Berbasis PBL untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Pada Pemrograman Terstruktur

Development of a Problem-Based Learning Management System to Improve Students' Critical Thinking Skills in Structured Programming

Pembelajaran abad ke-21 menuntut murid memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis dalam menyelesaikan masalah pemrograman. Hasil observasi di kelas X Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak (RPL) SMK Negeri 2 Surabaya menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran Pemrograman Terstruktur masih berpusat pada guru dan belum didukung media pembelajaran interaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kelayakan dan efektivitas Learning Management System (LMS) berbasis Problem Based Learning (PBL) untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis murid. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) dengan model ADDIE. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol menggunakan desain Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. Data dikumpulkan melalui validasi ahli, pengujian black box, observasi, dokumentasi, serta pretest dan posttest, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan persentase kelayakan dan Mann-Whitney U Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LMS dinyatakan layak digunakan berdasarkan validasi ahli, yaitu aspek rekayasa perangkat lunak (90,47%), materi (90%), asesmen (91,25%), dan desain pembelajaran (81%), serta seluruh fitur berfungsi dengan baik berdasarkan pengujian black box. LMS berbasis PBL juga terbukti efektif meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis, ditunjukkan oleh rata-rata nilai posttest kelas eksperimen (85,88) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas kontrol (75,69) dengan nilai signifikansi p < 0,001. Dengan demikian, LMS berbasis PBL layak dan efektif digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran Pemrograman Terstruktur untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis murid.

Twenty-first-century learning requires students to develop critical thinking skills to solve programming problems. Observations conducted in Grade X of the Software Engineering program at SMK Negeri 2 Surabaya revealed that Structured Programming instruction remains teacher-centered and is not supported by interactive learning media. This study aimed to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a Problem-Based Learning (PBL)-based Learning Management System (LMS) in improving students' critical thinking skills. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model. The research involved an experimental class and a control class using a Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. Data were collected through expert validation, black-box testing, observation, documentation, and pretest-posttest assessments, and analyzed using feasibility percentages and the Mann-Whitney U test. The results showed that the developed LMS, was feasible for classroom use, with expert validation scores of 90.47% for software engineering, 90.00% for learning materials, 91.25% for assessment, and 81.00% for instructional design. Black-box testing confirmed that all system features functioned properly. Furthermore, the PBL-based LMS effectively improved students' critical thinking skills, as indicated by the higher mean posttest score of the experimental class (85.88) compared with the control class (75.69) (p < 0.001). Therefore, the PBL-based LMS is both feasible and effective as a learning medium for improving students' critical thinking skills in Structured Programming.