Hubungan Antara Kemampuan Musikal dengan Multiple Intelligences Siswa Kelas XI Seni Musik Klasik 1 SMKN 12 Surabaya

The Relationship Between Musical Ability with Multiple Intelligences Students Classical Music 1 of Grade XI SMKN 12 Surabaya

 Gloria Yohana Putri, 2021. Hubungan Antara Kemampuan Musikal dengan Multiple Intelligences Siswa Kelas XI Seni Musik Klasik 1 SMKN 12 Surabaya, Program Studi Pendidikan Seni Budaya, Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Pembimbing (1) Dr. Yoyok Yermiandhoko, M.Pd, pembimbing (2) Dr. Trisakti, M.Si

Kata Kunci: Kemampuan Musikal, Multiple Intelligences, Siswa Kelas XI Seni Musik Klasik 1

            Kemampuan musikal merupakan keahlian bermusik yang berkaitan pada manusia secara bawaan dengan tidak melihat keadaan lingkungan sekitar. SMKN 12 Surabaya sebagai sekolah menengah kejuruan memiliki fokus jurusan seni musik klasik untuk siswa yang ingin mengenyang pengetahuan bermusik. Pada jurusan seni musik klasik ini, terdapat lima mayor diantaranya mayor vokal, mayor piano, mayor gesek, mayor tiup, dan mayor gitar.  Kemampuan musikal ini memiliki keterkaitan dengan Multiple Intelligences siswa. Pada penelitian ini mengungkapkan hubungan kemampuan musikal siswa mayor dengan kecerdasan dominan mana yang menjadi tolak ukur kecerdasan yang dimiliki dari delapan jenis kecerdasan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan musikal, mendeskripsikan perkembangan ranah Multiple Intelligences, mendeskripsikan serta menghubungkan antara kemampuan musikal dengan Multiple Intelligences siswa kelas XI Seni Musik Klasik 1 SMKN 12 Surabaya.

            Riset ini menggunakan pendekatan Mix Method yaitu penelitian eksperimen yang digunakan untuk membandingkan perbedaan perspektif yang diambil dari data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan metode campuran paralel konvergen yakni dengan mengumpulkan data kualitatif dan kuantitatif, menganalisisnya secara terpisah, dan kemudian membandingkan hasil untuk melihat temuan-temuan yang saling mengonfirmasi atau tidak mengonfirmasi. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, tes dan kuesioner. Setelah data terkumpul dilakukan analisis hubungan kedua variabel dengan menghasilkan interpretasi tentang kemampuan musikal dan jenis kecerdasan dominan.

            Hasil penelitian dan pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan musikal yang dimiliki siswa kelas XI Seni Musik Klasik 1 dipaparkan melalui data kemampuan musikal berdasarkan rata-rata nilai PIP vokal 80,28, rata-rata nilai PIP piano 81,20, rata-rata nilai PIP gesek 77, rata-rata-rata nilai PIP tiup 83,20, dan rata-rata nilai PIP gitar 81. Rata-rata siswa memiliki kecerdasan linguistik sebanyak 69%, kecerdasan logika-matematika (66%), kecerdasan spasial (74%), kecerdasan kinestetik (72%), kecerdasan musikal (81%), kecerdasan interpersonal (82%), kecerdasan intrapersonal (76%), dan kecerdasan naturalistik (71%). Hubungan antara kemampuan musikal dengan kecerdasan linguistik memiliki nilai korelasi 0,523, kecerdasan logika-matematika (0,526), kecerdasan spasial (0,527), kecerdasan kinestetik (0,538), kecerdasan musikal (0,767), kecerdasan interpersonal (0,827), kecerdasan intrapersonal (0,593), dan kecerdasan naturalistik (0,509). Disimpulkan bahwa masing-masing siswa memiliki dominasi kecerdasan yang berbeda jenis dan kapasitas melalui hitungan persentase sebagai bentuk hubungan kemampuan musikal siswa dengan Multiple Intelligences.

Gloria Yohana Putri, 2021. The Relationship Between Musical Ability with Multiple Intelligences Students Classical Music 1 of Grade XI SMKN 12 Surabaya, Arts and Culture Education, Postgraduate Program, State University of Surabaya, Mentor (1) Dr. Dr. Yoyok Yermiandhoko, M.Pd, Mentor (2) Dr. Trisakti, M.Si

Keywords: Music Ability, Multiple Intelligences, Students Classic Music 1 of Grade XI

Musical ability is a musical skill that relates to humans innately by not looking at the surrounding environment. SMKN 12 Surabaya as a vocational high school has a major in classical music for students who want to fill their musical knowledge. In this classical music major, there are five majors including vocal major, piano major, strings major, brass woodwind major, and guitar major. This musical ability has a connection with Multiple Intelligences students. In this study revealed the relationship of musical ability of major students with dominant intelligence which is the benchmark of intelligence possessed from eight types of intelligence. The purposes of this research are to describe musical ability, to describe the development of the realm of Multiple Intelligences, to describe and to connect between musical ability and Multiple Intelligences students Classical Music 1 of grade XI SMKN 12 Surabaya.

This study uses the Mix Method approach which is experimental research that compares differences in perspective taken from qualitative and quantitative data. The study used a convergent parallel mixed method of collecting qualitative and quantitative data, analyzing them separately, and then comparing the results to see findings that confirmed or did not confirm each other. This research data collection technique uses observations, interviews, documentations, tests, and questionnaires. After the data was collected, the analysis of the relationship of the two variables resulted in an interpretation of musical abilities and the dominant type of intelligence.

            The results of this research and discussion showed that the musical abilities students of Classical Music 1 grade XI were presented through musical ability data based on an average of PIP vocal score 80,28, an average of PIP piano score 81,20, an average of PIP strings score 77, an average of PIP brass woodwind score 83,20, and an average of PIP guitar score 81. On average students had 69% linguistic intelligence, logic-math intelligence (66%), spatial intelligence (74%), kinesthetic intelligence (72%), musical intelligence (81%), interpersonal intelligence (82%), intrapersonal intelligence (76%), and naturalistic intelligence (71%). The relationship between musical ability and linguistic intelligence had correlation values of 0.523, logic-mathematical intelligence (0.526), spatial intelligence (0.527), kinesthetic intelligence (0.538), musical intelligence (0.767), interpersonal intelligence (0.827), intrapersonal intelligence (0.593), and naturalistic intelligence (0.509). It is concluded that each student has a dominance of intelligence of different types and capacities through percentage counts as a form of relationship of students' musical abilities with Multiple Intelligences.