Pengaruh Variasi Komposisi Serat Daun Nanas terhadap Kekuatan Impact  Komposit Hybrid Berlapis Serat Karbon Spakbor Sepeda Motor

Spakbor sepeda motor memerlukan material ringan, kuat, tahan benturan, dan lebih ramah lingkungan. Komposit hybrid  serat karbon dan serat daun nanas (Pineapple Leaf Fiber/PALF) berpotensi memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut, tetapi peningkatan fraksi PALF dapat memengaruhi pembasahan resin, ikatan serat–matriks, dan ketahanan impact. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh variasi komposisi PALF terhadap energi impact, harga impact, dan karakteristik patahan komposit hybrid  untuk spakbor sepeda motor. Penelitian menggunakan desain eksperimen dengan sembilan spesimen yang terdiri atas variasi K30, K50, dan K70, masing-masing tiga spesimen. Komposit dibuat dengan metode hand lay-up, matriks resin epoksi, perbandingan resin dan total serat 60:40, susunan karbon–PALF–karbon, serta orientasi serat 0°. Pembuatan spesimen dilakukan di Laboratorium Fakultas Vokasi Universitas Negeri Surabaya dan Workshop Garnesa Racing Team, sedangkan pengujian dilakukan di Laboratorium Pengujian Bahan Politeknik Negeri Malang. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengukuran dimensi, pengujian impact Charpy sesuai ASTM D6110, dan pengamatan visual patahan menggunakan alat uji impact serta jangka sorong. Data dianalisis secara kuantitatif deskriptif melalui perhitungan energi dan harga impact, kemudian disajikan dalam tabel, grafik, dan uraian karakteristik patahan. Hasil menunjukkan K30 menghasilkan nilai tertinggi, yaitu 21,331 J dan 0,400 J/mm²; K50 sebesar 19,782 J dan 0,308 J/mm²; serta K70 terendah, yaitu 18,133 J dan 0,252 J/mm². Peningkatan PALF cenderung menurunkan ketahanan impact dan memperbesar fiber pull-out, debonding, matrix cracking, serta delaminasi. Disimpulkan bahwa K30 memiliki performa terbaik. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan menggunakan vacuum bagging atau compression molding agar penyebaran resin lebih merata dan rongga berkurang.

       The Motorcycle fenders require materials that are lightweight, strong, impact-resistant, and environmentally friendly. Hybrid composites combining carbon fiber and pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) have the potential to meet these requirements; however, increasing the PALF fraction may affect resin wetting, fiber–matrix bonding, and impact resistance. This study aims to analyze the effect of PALF composition variations on impact energy, impact strength, and fracture characteristics of hybrid composites for motorcycle fender applications. The research employed an experimental design using nine specimens consisting of K30, K50, and K70 variations, with three specimens for each variation. The composites were fabricated using the hand lay-up method with epoxy resin as the matrix, a resin-to-total fiber ratio of 60:40, a carbon–PALF–carbon layer arrangement, and 0° fiber orientation. Specimen fabrication was conducted at the Laboratory of the Vocational Faculty, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, and the Garnesa Racing Team Workshop, while impact testing was carried out at the Materials Testing Laboratory of Politeknik Negeri Malang. Data were collected through dimensional measurements, Charpy impact testing based on ASTM D6110, and visual observation of fracture surfaces using an impact testing machine and vernier caliper. Data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive methods through impact energy and impact strength calculations, then presented in tables, graphs, and descriptions of fracture characteristics. The results showed that K30 produced the highest values, with an impact energy of 21.331 J and an impact strength of 0.400 J/mm²; K50 produced 19.782 J and 0.308 J/mm²; while K70 produced the lowest values, with 18.133 J and 0.252 J/mm². Increasing PALF content tended to reduce impact resistance and increase fiber pull-out, debonding, matrix cracking, and delamination. It can be concluded that K30 exhibited the best impact performance. Future research is recommended to use vacuum bagging or compression molding methods to achieve more uniform resin distribution and reduce void formation in the composite