PERLINDUNGAN KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA (K3) BAGI PEKERJA RUMAH TANGGA SEBAGAI PEKERJA INFORMAL DALAM PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN

(STUDI KOMPARATIF INDONESIA DAN FINLANDIA)

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSH) PROTECTION FOR DOMESTIC WORKERS AS INFORMAL WORKERS UNDER LEGISLATION

(A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDONESIA AND FINLAND)

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai perlindungan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) bagi Pekerja Rumah Tangga (PRT) sebagai pekerja informal melalui studi komparatif antara Indonesia dan Finlandia, mengingat tingginya kerentanan risiko kerja di ranah domestik yang belum diakomodasi secara eksplisit oleh hukum nasional Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, perbandingan, dan konseptual, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi adanya kekosongan hukum (legal vacuum) di Indonesia akibat keterbatasan regulasi seperti Permenaker No. 2 Tahun 2015 dan UU No. 1 Tahun 1970 yang condong pada sektor formal-industri. Sebaliknya, Finlandia berhasil menerapkan perlindungan universal-preventif melalui Occupational Safety and Health Act (738/2002) serta ratifikasi Konvensi ILO No. 189 Tahun 2011 tentang Kerja Layak bagi Peekrja Rumah Tangga demi mewujudkan prinsip welfare state. Berdasarkan asas hak asasi manusia dan keadilan sosial, penelitian ini menyimpulkan urgensi penguatan hukum di Indonesia yang harus diwujudkan melalui reformasi regulasi dalam UU Perlindungan Pekerja Rumah Tangga (UU PPRT) dengan memuat standardisasi K3 yang konkret, kewajiban perjanjian kerja tertulis, dan mekanisme pengawasan berbasis komunitas yang mengadopsi kesuksesan model hukum Finlandia.

Kata Kunci : Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3), Pekerja Rumah Tangga, Pekerja Informal, Perbandingan Hukum.

This research examines Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) protection for domestic workers as informal workers through a comparative study between Indonesia and Finland, driven by the high vulnerability to work-related hazards in the domestic sphere that has not been explicitly accommodated by Indonesian national law. Employing a normative juridical research method with statutory, comparative, and conceptual approaches, this study identifies a legal vacuum in Indonesia resulting from the limitations of regulations such as the Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 2 of 2015 and Law No. 1 of 1970, which inherently lean toward the formal-industrial sector. Conversely, Finland has successfully implemented universal-preventive protection through the Occupational Safety and Health Act (738/2002) and the ratification of the ILO Convention No. 189 of 2011 concerning Decent Work for Domestic Workers to realize welfare state principles. Based on human rights and social justice principles, this study highlights the urgency of strengthening legal protection in Indonesia, which must be realized through regulatory reform in the Domestic Workers Protection Act (UU PPRT) by incorporating concrete OSH standards, mandatory written employment contracts, and community-based enforcement mechanisms that adapt the successful model of Finnish law.

Keywords: Occupational Safety and Health (OSH), Domestic Workers, Informal Workers, Comparative Law.