Keefektifan Ekstrak Daun Pluchea indica dan Chromolaena odorata sebagai Bioinsektisida Terhadap Mortalitas Larva Plutella xylostella

Effectiveness of Pluchea indica Leaf Extract and Chromolaena odorata as Bioinsecticides Against Mortality of Plutella xylostella

Peningkatan hasil produksi di bidang  pertanian sering mengalami permasalahan, terutama keberadaan hama. Salah satunya serangan hama Plutella xylostella  terhadap tanaman kubis. Penanganan yang dilakukan para petani untuk mengatasinya dengan menggunakan insektisida sintetis. Namun, penggunaan insektisida sintetis dalam jangka panjang dapat menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan. Sehingga, diperlukan alternatif lain seperti menggunakan insektisida nabati dari tumbuhan yang aman bagi lingkungan. Daun P. indica dan C. odorata merupakan daun yang memiliki potensi menjadi insektisida nabati karena mengandung senyawa aktif seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, steroid, tannin, saponin, dan minyak atsiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis ekstrak daun P. indica, C. odorata dan kombinasinya dengan konsentrasi, serta interaksi antara jenis ekstrak dan konsentrasi terhadap mortalitas larva Plutella xylostella. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen yang menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dua faktorial yaitu jenis ekstrak daun P. indica, C. odorata, dan kombinasinya serta menggunakan 4 jenis konsentrasi yaitu 8%, 10%, 12%, dan 14% dengan tiga pengulangan. Sehingga, terdapat 36 unit penelitian. Data yang diperoleh yaitu persentase mortalitas larva dianalisis menggunakan ANAVA dua arah lalu dilanjutkan uji duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh jenis ekstrak daun P. indica, C. odorata, dan kombinasinya terhadap mortalitas larva, terdapat pengaruh jenis  konsentrasi terhadap mortalitas larva. Namun, tidak terdapat interaksi antara jenis ekstrak dan jenis konsentrasi. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak, semakin tinggi mortalitas larva yang dihasilkan. Jenis ekstrak kombinasi daun P. indica dan C. odorata konsentrasi 12% dan 14% merupakan jenis ekstrak dan konsentrasi yang paling optimal terhadap mortalitas larva dengan persentase mortalitas 59,00% dan 66,14%. 

To increase productivity of the agriculture is often faced with various problems, especially the existence of pests and plant diseases. One of them is concerned on Plutella xylostella on cabbage. The farmers’ method to overcome this problem are by using synthetic insecticides since they are considered practical than any other ways. However, the continuity of the use of this method can emerge environmental damage. Therefore, another alternative is required, such as using bioinsecticides which is safe for nature. Bioinsecticides are derived from plants that has no side effect and can be called environmentally friendly. The leaves of beluntas and kirinyuh are potential leaf to be extracted become insecticides because they contain active compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, tannins, saponins, and essential oils. This study aims to determine the effect of type extract, the concentration, and the interaction between the type of extract and the concentration on mortality of Plutella xylostella larvae. This study is an experimental study using a two- factorial completely randomized design (CRD), the type of leaf extract is from beluntas leaves, kirinyuh, and combination of both, and using 4 types of concentrations,which are; 8%,10%, 12%, and 14% with three times of repetition. Thus, there are 36 research units. The data is in the form of percentage of larva mortality, then is analyzed using two- way ANOVA and is continued with the duncan test. The result shows that there is an effect of the type of the extract and the type of concentration on larva mortality. However, there is no interaction between the type of extract and the type of concentration. The higher the extract concentrations, the more the mortality of larvae is produced. The type of combined extract with 12% and 14% concentration are the type of the extract and the most optimal concentration for the mortality of Plutella xylostella larvae with a percentage mortality of 59,00 % and 66,14%.