REPRESENTASI IDEOLOGI DALAM TEKS PIDATO KENEGARAAN JOKO WIDODO: KAJIAN ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS MODEL ROGER FOWLER DKK

IDEOLOGICAL REPRESENTATION IN THE TEXT OF JOKO WIDODO'S STATE SPEECH: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS STUDY OF THE ROGER FOWLER et al.

Abstrak

Nurhayati. 2022. Representasi Ideologi dalam Teks Pidato Kenegaraan Joko Widodo: Kajian Analisis Wacana Kritis Model Roger Fowler Dkk. Tesis. Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Pembimbing: (I) Dr. Mintowati, M.Pd. dan (II) Dr. Agusniar Dian Savitri, S.S., M.Pd.

Kata Kunci: representasi, pidato kenegaraan, fitur leksikal, fitur gramatikal

Teks pidato kenegaraan mempunyai kekhasan yang mengandung banyak kepentingan. Kekuatan bahasa dalam teks pidato kenegaraan  dapat meningkatkan kepercayaan masyarakat atau membungkam geliat lawan politik yang mencoba meneror dan menjatuhkan. Begitu besar kekuatan penggunaan kata, kalimat, dan istilah tertentu dapat mengubah perilaku masyarakat melalui pikiran dan perasaannya. Hal ini yang menyebabkan teks pidato kenegaraan yang berwujud wacana banyak menjadi sorotan penelitian untuk dikaji lebih mendalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan representasi ideologi dalam pidato kenegaraan Presiden Joko Widodo dengan menggunakan analisis wacana kritis model Roger Fowler. Fokus penelitian meliputi (1) fitur leksikal yang merepresentasikan ideologi, (2) fitur gramatikal yang merepresentasikan ideologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data berasal dari teks pidato kenegaraan Presiden Joko Widodo pada tahun 2019, 2020, dan 2021 yang diunduh dari media daring jeo kompas. Data penelitian adalah kata, klausa, dan kalimat yang merepresentasikan ideologi. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengunduh teks pidato kenegaraan, membaca kritis, mencatat, dan mengklasifikasi dalam kartu data. Pengecekan keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi teori.

Hasil temuan fitur leksikal yang merepresentasikan ideologi meliputi  pola klasifikasi, kosakata ideologis yang diperjuangkan,  relasi makna ideologis, ekspresi eufemistik,  kata-kata formal dan informal yang mencolok,  evaluasi positif dan negatif,  metafora. Fitur gramatikal yang ditemukan meliputi, ketransitifan, nominalisasi, kalimat aktif pasif, kalimat positif negatif,  modus-modus kalimat,  modalitas, dan  pronomina persona. Representasi ideologi yang tergambar dalam fitur leksikal dan gramatikal pada pidato kenegaraan Presiden Joko Widodo dari tahun 2019-2021 adalah, (1) pembiasaan budaya tertentu, (2) penjabaran fakta-fakta tindakan nyata, (3) citra diri positif.

Nurhayati. 2022.
Representation of Ideology in the Text of Joko Widodo's State Speech: A Study
of Critical Discourse Analysis Model by Roger Fowler et al. Thesis. Language
and Literature Education Study Program, Postgraduate, State University of
Surabaya. Supervisors: (I) Dr. Mintowati, M.Pd. and (II) Dr. Agusniar Dian
Savitri, S.S., M.Pd.

    Keywords: representation, state speech, lexical features, grammatical features

The text of the state speech has a peculiarity that contains many interests. The power of language in the text of state speeches can increase public confidence or silence political opponents who try to terrorize and overthrow. So powerful is the use of certain words, sentences, and terms that can change people's behavior through their thoughts and feelings. Therefore, the text of state speeches in the form of discourse has become the focus of research to be studied in more depth. This study aims to find ideological representations in President Joko Widodo's state address by using Roger Fowler's critical discourse analysis. The research focus includes (1) lexical features that represent ideology, (2) grammatical features that represent ideology. This research uses a qualitative approach. The data source comes from the text of President Joko Widodo's state speeches in 2019, 2020 and 2021 which were downloaded from the online media jeo kompas. The research data are words, clauses, and sentences that represent ideology. Data collection techniques were carried out by downloading the text of state speeches, critical reading, taking notes, and classifying them into data cards. Checking the validity of the data using theoretical triangulation.

           The findings of lexical features that represent ideology include classification patterns, ideological vocabulary championed, ideological meaning relations, euphemistic expressions, striking formal and informal words, positive and negative evaluations, metaphors. The grammatical features found include transitiveness, nominalization, active passive sentences, negative positive sentences, sentence modes, modality, and personal pronouns. Ideological representations that are reflected in the lexical and grammatical features of President Joko Widodo's state speeches from 2019-2021 are, (1) habituation to certain cultures, (2) elaboration of facts of concrete actions, (3) positive self-image.