STUDI PUSTAKA PEMICU CYBERBULLYING

LITERATURE REVIEW OF CYBERBULLYING TRIGGERS

Cyberbullying merupakan perilaku yang dilakukan secara sengaja dan berulang dengan memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi. Perkembangan teknologi mengakibatkan meningkatnya aktivitas bermain sosial media. Penggunaan yang mudah membuat sosial media dapat diakses oleh segala usia salah satunya remaja. Masa remaja merupakan masa yang rentan terjadinya cyberbullying karena merupakan masa transisi dan pencarian identitas. Dalam masa tersebut remaja rentan terpengaruh dan membuat pilihan yang keliru salah satunya yaitu pelakukan cybebullying. Dampak tindakan cyberbullying bagi pelaku cukup beragam diantaranya agresi, keras kepala,mudah marah, impulsif, dan kurangnya rasa empati. Remaja melakukan cyberbullying didasari oleh suatu pemicu yang menjadi latar belakang seorang remaja melakukan cyberbullying yang secara umum dikenal dengan istilah pemicu. Mengetahui beragam pemicu remaja melakukan cyberbullying sangat penting supaya dapat dilakukan penanganan yang tepat guna mengatasi perilaku cyberbullying pada remaja. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengklasifikasikan pemicu remaja melakukan cyberbullying ditinjau dari teori Sigmund Freud. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan dengan sumber berupa artikel yang memuat tentang pemicu cyberbullying. Teknik analisis yang digunakan berupa analisis isi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahui bahwa Freud mengemukakan dua dorongan yakni eros (insting kehidupan) dan thanatos(insting kematian). Dimana eros mengacu pada hal yang menyenangkan, kepuasan, pengakuan, dan pembelaan diri. Sementara thanatos sendiri terdiri dari tindakan agresif, kemarahan, kebencian yang dipicu oleh rasa kecewa yang mencangkup kemarahan, dendam, kebencian. Eros dan thanatos saling mempengaruhi sehingga apabila eros tidak dapat menangkal thanatos maka perilaku destruktif akan muncul yaitu cyberbullying. Berdasarkan dorongan eros dan thanatos pada teori Sigmund Freud tersebut didapat pengklasifikasian yang memicu cyberbullying yakni faktor emosi, faktor pengalaman yang belum selesai, dan kondisi inferior. Kata Kunci: cyberbullying, pemicu, Freud.

Cyberbullying is a behavior that is carried out intentionally and repeatedly by utilizing technological advances. Technological developments have resulted in an increase in social media playing activity. Easy use makes social media accessible to all ages, one of which is teenagers. Adolescence is a period that is vulnerable to cyberbullying because it is a period of transition and the search for identity. During this period, adolescents are vulnerable to being influenced and making the wrong choices, one of which is cybebullying. The impact of cyberbullying on perpetrators is quite diverse, including aggression, stubbornness, irritability, impulsivity, and lack of empathy. Teenagers do cyberbullying based on a trigger which is the background for a teenager doing cyberbullying which is generally known as a trigger. Knowing the various triggers for teenagers to cyberbully is very important so that appropriate treatment can be carried out to overcome cyberbullying behavior in adolescents. The purpose of this research is to classify the triggers of adolescents to do cyberbullying in terms of Sigmund Freud's theory. The type of research used is a literature study with sources in the form of articles containing triggers for cyberbullying. The analysis technique used is content analysis. Based on the results of the analysis it is known that Freud put forward two drives namely eros (life instinct) and thanatos (death instinct). Where eros refers to pleasure, satisfaction, recognition, and selfdefense. While thanatos itself consists of aggressive actions, anger, hatred which is triggered by a feeling of disappointment which includes anger, revenge, hatred. Eros and thanatos influence each other so that if eros cannot ward off thanatos then destructive behavior will emerge, namely cyberbullying. Based on the encouragement of eros and thanatos in Sigmund Freud's theory, the classification that triggers cyberbullying is obtained, namely emotional factors, unfinished experience factors, and inferior conditions. Keywords: cyberbullying, trigger, Freud.