PENGARUH ASAP CAIR TEMPURUNG KELAPA DAN EKSTRAK AKAR ECENG GONDOK SEBAGAI SUMBER GIBERELIN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KEDELAI PADA TANAH SALIN DIPERKAYA MIKORIZA

EFFECT OF COCONUT SHELL LIQUID SMOKE AND WATER HYACINTH ROOT EXTRACT AS GIBBERELLIN SOURCES ON GROWTH OF SOYBEAN IN SALINE SOIL ENRICHED WITH MYCORRHIZA

Lahan salin mengandung kadar garam yang tinggi sehingga menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman. Perbaikan lahan salin dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan produksi bahan pangan nasional salah satunya yaitu kedelai (Glycine max L). Untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan kedelai ditambahkan hormon giberelin yang bersumber dari asap cair tempurung kelapa dan ekstrak akar eceng gondok. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pengaruh asap cair, ekstrak akar eceng gondok dan interaksinya terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif tanaman kedelai di tanah salin yang diperkaya mikoriza. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental dengan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) tiga ulangan dan dua faktor yaitu asap cair dengan konsentrasi 0%, 1%, dan 2% dan ekstrak akar eceng gondok dengan konsentrasi 0 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm. Parameter vegetatif terdiri tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang akar, biomassa basah, bintil akar, bintil akar aktif, persentase infeksi mikoriza, dan kadar unsur P. Parameter generatif terdiri dari umur muncul bunga, jumlah polong dan biomassa polong. Analisis data menggunakan ANOVA dua arah dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan, dan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan asap cair berpengaruh terhadap jumlah daun (14,56 helai), panjang akar (37,78cm), biomassa basah (14,44g), dan biomassa polong (8,00g). Pemberian ekstrak akar eceng gondok berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman (122,33cm), jumlah daun (14,56 helai), panjang akar (39,44cm), biomassa basah (16,00g), jumlah polong (11,78 polong) dan biomassa polong (9,00g). Interaksi antara asap cair konsentrasi 2% dan ekstrak akar eceng gondok konsentrasi 1000 ppm memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap biomassa basah (17,67g) dan biomassa polong (10,67 g).

Kata kunci: Glycine max L.; hormon; pertumbuhan; salinitas; tumbuhan

Saline land contains a high salt content that inhibits plant growth. Improvement of saline land is developed to increase national food production, one of which is soybean (Glycine max L). To improve the development of soybean, gibberellin hormone is added from the liquid smoke of coconut shells and water hyacinth root extract. This study aims to describe the effect of liquid smoke, water hyacinth root extract, and their interaction on the vegetative and generative growth of soybean plants in saline soil enriched with mycorrhiza. This research is experimental with a three-repeat Randomized Group Design (RGD) method and two factors, namely liquid smoke with a concentration of 0%, 1%, and 2% and water hyacinth root extract with a concentration of 0 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm. Vegetative parameters consisted of plant height, number of leaves, root length, wet biomass, root nodules, active root nodules, percentage of mycorrhizal infection, and elemental P content. Generative parameters consisted of the age of flower emergence, number of pods, and pod biomass. Data analysis used two-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's test and quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the addition of liquid smoke affected the number of leaves (14.56 strands), root length (37.78cm), wet biomass (14.44g), and pod biomass (8.00g). The application of water hyacinth root extract affected plant height (122.33cm), number of leaves (14.56 strands), root length (39.44cm), wet biomass (16.00g), number of pods (11.78 pods) and pod biomass (9.00g). The interaction between the liquid smoke concentration of 2% and water hyacinth root extract concentration of 1000 ppm gave the best effect on wet biomass (17.67g) and pod biomass (10.67g).

Keywords: Glycine max L.; hormones; growth; plant; salinity