Simbol Ritual dalam Novel Jendela Seribu Sungai dan Lalu Tenggelam di Ujung Matamu Karya Miranda Seftiana dan Avesina Soebli (Kajian Antropologi Simbolik Victor Turner)

Ritual Symbols in the Novel Window of a Thousand Rivers and Then Drowns at the Edge of Your Eyes by Miranda Seftiana and Avesina Soebli (Study of Victor Turner's Symbolic Anthropology)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaknai simbol ritual masyarakat Dayak dan masyarakat Banjar dalam novel Jendela Seribu Sungai dan novel Lalu Tenggelam di Ujung Matamu karya Miranda Seftiana dan Avisena Soebli dengan teori antropologi simbolik. Fokus penelitian ini meliputi, fase, makna simbol, fungsi ritual masyarakat Dayak dan Banjar dalam novel Jendela Seribu Sungai dan Lalu Tenggelam di Ujung Matamu. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk mendeskripsikan data berupa kata-kata. Sumber data penelitian ini yaitu novel Jendela Seribu Sungai dan Lalu Tenggelam di Ujung Matamu karya Miranda Seftiana dan Avisena Soebli. Data penelitian yaitu kutipan langsung maupun tidak langsung dan tuturan yang terkait permasalahan simbol ritual. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menentukan karya sastra, membaca kritis, menandai halaman, dan menyimapan data. Pengecekan keabsahan data dilakukan dengan triangulasi dan diskusi teman sejawat.

            Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, maka dapat ditemukan ritual 1) fase ritual masyarakat Dayak (ritual aruh ganal, ritual tatamba dan ritual tian mandaring) dan masyarakat Banjar (ritual badudus dan ritual pemakaman tabala di rawa). Fase ritual tersebut terdiri dari fase pemisahan (persiapan), fase liminal (dalam proses ritual), dan penyatuan (kembali ke siklus kehidupan sehari-hari); 2) Simbol ritual masyarakat Dayak (ritual aruh ganal, ritual tatamba dan ritual tian mandaring) dan masyarakat Banjar (ritual badudus dan ritual pemakaman tabala di rawa; 3) Fungsi ritual masyarakat Dayak (ritual aruh ganal dan ritual tatamba) dan masyarakat Banjar (ritual tian mandaring, ritual badudus dan ritual pemakaman tabala di rawa). Fungsi ritual terdiri dari fungsi religi dan fungsi sosial. Fungsi religi mendekatkan diri dan memohon kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Fungsi sosial sebagai aksi sosial untuk mempererat hubungan sosial dan menyelesaikan konflik sosial yang ada pada komunitas.

This study aims to interpret the ritual symbols of the Dayak and Banjar people in the novel Jendela Seribu Sungai and Lalu Tenggelam di Ujung Matamu by Miranda Seftiana and Avisena Soebli with the theory of symbolic anthropology. The focus of this research includes phases, symbol meanings, ritual functions of the Dayak and Banjar people in the novels Jendela Seribu Sungai dan Lalu Tenggelam di Ujung Matamu. This study uses a qualitative approach to describe data in the form of words. The data sources for this research are the novels Jendela Seribu Sungai and Lalu Tenggelam di Ujung Matamu by Miranda Seftiana and Avisena Soebli. The research data are direct and indirect quotations and utterances related to ritual symbol issues. Data collection techniques were carried out by determining literary works, reading critically, marking pages, and storing data. Checking the validity of the data is done by triangulation and peer discussion.

            Based on the results of this study, it can be found rituals 1) the ritual phases of the Dayak community (the aruh ganal ritual, the tatamba ritual and the tian mandaring ritual) and the Banjar community (the badudus ritual and the tabala burial ritual in the swamp). The ritual phase consists of the separation phase (preparation), the liminal phase (in the ritual process), and the unification (return to the cycle of daily life); 2) Ritual symbols of the Dayak people (aruh ganal ritual, tatamba ritual and tian mandaring ritual) and Banjar people (badudus ritual and tabala funeral ritual in the swamp; 3) Functions of the Dayak rituals (aruh ganal ritual, tatamba ritual and tian mandaring ritual) and Banjar people (badudus ritual and tabala burial ritual in the swamp. The ritual function consists of religious and social functions. The religious function is to get closer to and pray to God Almighty. Social function as social action to gain at social relations and resolve social conflicts that exist in the community.