KAJIAN PERSEBARAN LIMBAH TAPIOKA DI SUNGAI SUWATU SERTA DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP MASYARAKAT KECAMATAN MARGOYOSO, KABUPATEN PATI

STUDY OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF TAPIOCA WASTE IN THE SUWATU RIVER AND ITS IMPACT ON THE COMMUNITY OF MARGOYOSO SUBDISTRICT, PATI REGENCY 

Perkembangan perindustrian di Indonesia turut mendorong kesejahteraan masyarakat Indonesia. Perkembangan perindustrian juga menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan akibat limbah yang dihasilkan, baik itu pencemaran air maupun pencemaran udara. Pencemaran lingkungan terjadi pada Sungai Suwatu yang merupakan tempat pembuangan limbah cair tapioka di Kecamatan Margoyoso, Kabupaten Pati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui 1) Status limbah industri tapioka berdasarkan baku mutu air limbah menurut Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Republik Indonesia Nomor 5 Tahun 2014; 2) Perubahan pencemaran limbah tapioka di Sungai Suwatu; dan 3) Dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh limbah cair tapioka terhadap masyarakat di sekitar aliran Sungai Suwatu.

Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian survey. Lokasi penelitian di Sungai Suwatu Kecamatan Margoyoso, Kabupaten Pati. Populasi penelitian ini adalah air Sungai Suwatu dan masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar aliran sungai tersebut. Sampel penelitian meliputi sampel air yang diambil di 5 titik Sungai Suwatu dan 99 responden dari masyarakat terdampak. Teknik pengambilan sampel air menggunakan purposive sampling bedasarkan kriteria jarak, sedangkan sampel masyarakat menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui grab sample, uji laboratorium, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif dan deskriptif komparatif.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter TSS, BOD, dan COD di 5 titik sampel yang diuji dan dibandingkan dengan Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Republik Indonesia Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 melampaui baku mutu yang telah ditetapkan. Tingkat pencemaran tertinggi berada di titik 5 dengan kandungan TSS mencapai 700 mg/l, BOD 7892.19 mg/l, dan COD 17614.80 mg/l. Tingginya tingkat pencemaran di Sungai Suwatu menimbulkan dampak buruk bagi lingkungan masyarakat berupa bau busuk hingga ke beberapa desa di Kecamatan Margoyoso, Kabupaten Pati.

Kata Kunci: Industri, Pencemaran Air, Pencemaran Udara, Limbah Cair

The development of industry in Indonesia helped encourage the welfare of the Indonesian people. Industrial development also causes environmental pollution due to its liquid waste, both water and air pollution. The environmental pollution occurred in the Suwatu River which is a tapioca liquid waste disposal site in Margoyoso District, Pati Regency. This study aims to determine 1) Status of tapioca industrial waste based on waste water quality standards according to Regulation of the Minister of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5/2014; 2) Changes of tapioca waste pollution in the Suwatu River; and 3) The impact caused by tapioca liquid waste on the community around the Suwatu River flow.

This research type use survey research. The research located in the Suwatu River Margoyoso District, Pati Regency. The population is Suwatu River and the people who live around the river flow. The sample is water samples taken at 5 points of the Suwatu River and 99 respondents from affected communities. Water sampling technique uses purposive sampling with sample selection based on distance criteria, while community sampling uses simple random sampling technique. Data collection techniques using grab sample, laboratory testing, interview, and documentation. Data analysis techniques using quantitative descriptive and comparative descriptive.

The results shows that the parameters of the TSS, BOD, and COD in the 5 sample points tested and compared with the Regulation of the Minister of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5/2014 exceeded the established quality standards. The highest level of pollution is located at point 5 with TSS content reaching 700 mg/l, BOD 7892.19 mg/l, and COD 17614.80 mg/l. The high level of pollution in the Suwatu River has a negative impact on the community's environment in the form of foul odors to several villages in Margoyoso District, Pati Regency.

Keywords: Industry, Water Pollution, Air Pollution, Liquid Waste