Literatur Review : Analisa Performa Baterai Lithium-air, Lithium-sulfur, All-Solid-State Battery, Lithium-ion Pada Kendaran Listrik

Literature Review : Performance Analysis of Lithium-air, Lithium-sulfur, All-Solid-State Battery, Lithium-ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles

Perkembangan teknologi pada saat ini sangatlah cepat, dimana perkembangan teknologi pada bidang otomotif ikut merasakan dampaknya. Banyak produsen otomotif yang giat mengembangkan kendaraan mereka yang tadinya kendaraan berbahan bakar minyak menjadi kendaraan listrik. Mobil listrik membutuhkan baterai sebagai pemasok energinya, baterai yang paling umum digunakan adalah lithium-ion. Namun ada beberapa masalah pada lithium-ion, melihat dari keadaaan ini pengembang telah meneliti beberapa alternatif jenis baterai yaitu: baterai lithium-air, baterai lithium-sulfur, all-solid-state battery. Literatur ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan  performa dari baterai lithium-air, baterai lithium-sulfur, all-solid-state battery yang nantinya dapat menggantikan penggunaan baterai lithium-ion yang banyak digunakan saat ini pada kendaraan listrik.  Pada literatur review ini menggunakan metode systematic literatur review (SLR) atau tinjauan pustaka sistematis, dengan mencari, mengumpulkan, dan mengevaluasi dari beberapa sumber yang terkait dengan topik ini. Dari ketiga baterai ini, baterai litihum-sulfur menawarkan energi spesfik yang besar dibandingkan dengan baterai lithium-air, baterai all-solid-state. Baterai lithium-sulfur telah mendapat perhatian lebih sehingga lebih cepat menuju komersialisasi masal daripada baterai lithium-ion maupun baterai all-solid-state. Hasil dari literatur ini adalah pada baterai lithium-sulfur memiliki kepadatan energi sebasar 2.500Wh/kg dan sudah melebihi kepadatan energi baterai lithium-air sebesar 250-1.200Wh/kg,  all-solid-state battery sebesar 500Wh/kg, dan baterai lithium-ion sebesar 890Wh/kg. Kepadatan energi ini menyiratkan berapa banyak energi yang dapat ditampung. Perlu adanya pengembangan lebih pada baterai-baterai tersebut agar penggunaannya dapat dirasakan secepatnya.

Development of technology at this time is very fast, where technological developments in the automotive sector also feel the impact. Many automotive manufacturers are actively developing their vehicles from oil-fueled vehicles to electric vehicles. Electric cars need batteries as their energy supplier, the most commonly used battery is lithium-ion. However, there are several problems with lithium-ion, seeing from this situation the developer has researched several alternative types of batteries, namely: Lithium-air batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, all-solid-state batteries. This literature aims to compare the performance of Lithium-air batteries, Lithium-sulfur batteries, all-solid-state batteries which can later replace the use of lithium-ion batteries that are widely used today in electric vehicles. In this literature review, the systematic literature review (SLR) method or systematic literature review is used, by searching, collecting, and evaluating from several sources related to this topic. Of these three batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries offer a large amount of specific energy compared to lithium-air, all-solid-state batteries. Lithium-sulfur batteries have received more attention and are therefore faster towards mass commercialization than lithium-ion batteries or all-solid-state batteries. The results of this literature are that lithium-sulfur batteries have an energy density of 2,500Wh/kg and have exceeded the energy density of lithium-air batteries of 250-1,200Wh/kg, all-solid-state batteries of 500Wh/kg, and lithium-air batteries of 500Wh/kg. ions of 890Wh/kg. This energy density implies how much energy it can hold. There needs to be more development on these batteries so that their use can be felt as soon as possible.