KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA DALAM INTERAKSI PEMBELAJARAN DI AL-MASRURIYYAH TEBUIRENG JOMBANG

LANGUAGE POLITENESS IN LEARNING INTERACTIONS AT AL-MASRURIYYAH TEBUIRENG

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesantunan berbahasa dalam tindak tutur santri perempuan di Pondok Pesantren Al-Masruriyyah Tebuireng Jombang. Fokus kajian ini meliputi strategi kesantunan, maksim kesantunan, dan bentuk ekspresi kesantunan yang digunakan santri dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar, khususnya pada pengajian Bandongan, Madrasah Diniyyah, dan Program Takhasus. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui observasi non-partisipan, teknik simak, rekam, dan catat, serta dianalisis menggunakan teori kesantunan dari Brown dan Levinson (1987), Leech (1983), serta House dan Kasper (1981). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa santri menerapkan berbagai strategi kesantunan, seperti positive politeness, negative politeness, dan off-record, serta penggunaan maksim kesantunan seperti modesty maxim, tact maxim, dan agreement maxim dalam interaksi verbalnya. Selain itu, bentuk ekspresi kesantunan juga terwujud melalui pemilihan kosakata sopan, struktur kalimat halus, serta penggunaan bahasa multilingual (Indonesia, Jawa, dan Arab). Temuan ini memperkuat bahwa praktik komunikasi santri di lingkungan pesantren tidak hanya mencerminkan nilai religius tetapi juga menunjukkan kesadaran pragmatis dalam menjaga keharmonisan sosial melalui bahasa.

Kata Kunci: kesantunan berbahasa, tindak tutur, pragmatik, pesantren.

ABSTRACT

This study aims to describe politeness in the speech acts of female students at the Al-Masruriyyah Islamic Boarding School in Tebuireng, Jombang. The focus of this study includes politeness strategies, politeness maxims, and forms of politeness expressions used by students in teaching and learning activities, particularly in Bandongan recitation, Madrasah Diniyyah, and Takhasus programs. This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through non-participant observation, listening, recording, and note-taking techniques, and analyzed using politeness theories from Brown and Levinson (1987), Leech (1983), and House and Kasper (1981). The results of the study indicate that santri employ various politeness strategies, such as positive politeness, negative politeness, and off-record, as well as the use of politeness maxims like modesty maxim, tact maxim, and agreement maxim in their verbal interactions. Additionally, expressions of politeness are manifested through the selection of polite vocabulary, soft sentence structures, and the use of multilingual language (Indonesian, Javanese, and Arabic). These findings reinforce that santri communication practices in pesantren environments not only reflect religious values but also demonstrate pragmatic awareness in maintaining social harmony through language.

Keywords: linguistic politeness, speech acts, pragmatics, pesantren.