Potensi Tumbuhan Jatropha integerrima Jacq, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., dan Ruellia tweediana sebagai Absorban Timbal (Pb) di Udara

Potency of Jatropha integerrima Jacq, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., and Ruellia tweediana as Lead (Pb) Absorbent in The Air

Abstrak. Polusi udara merupakan kondisi atmosfer dengan konsentrasi logam beracun tinggi melebihi batas normal dan berbahaya bagi manusia, hewan, ataupun tumbuhan. Jatropha integerrima Jacq, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., dan Ruellia tweediana berpotensi menyerap (Pb) di udara. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis kadar (Pb), klorofil, dan hubungan kadar (Pb) dengan klorofil pada ketiga spesies tumbuhan tersebut di lokasi berbeda. Sampel diperoleh dari tiga lokasi dengan volume lalu lintas berbeda Jalan Mayjend Yono Soewoyo (100.346,50 unit/hari), Jalan Dr.Soetomo (58.997,80 unit/hari), dan Jalan Polisi Istimewa (25.692,50 unit/hari) Kota Surabaya. Sampel masing-masing diambil sebanyak 15 daun pada nodus ketiga. Pengukuran (Pb) daun dilakukan dengan metode pengabuan kering menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) dan kandungan klorofil diukur dengan metode ekstraksi dilanjutkan analisis dengan Spektrofotometer. Data kadar (Pb) dan klorofil dianalisis menggunakan ANAVA dua arah dilanjutkan Uji Duncan dan uji korelasi dengan SPSS Statistik 26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) kadar Pb ketiga tumbuhan dari tinggi ke rendah J.integerrima (0,152±0,032mg/L); H.rosa-sinensis (0,042±0,008mg/L.); dan R.tweediana (0,007±0,006mg/L), (2) kadar klorofil daun tumbuhan dari tinggi ke rendah R.tweediana (33,891±0,510mg/L); H.rosa-sinensis (28,499±0,32mg/L.), dan J.integerrima (10,597±1,697mg/L) tingginya volume kendaraan diikuti meningkatnya kadar (Pb) dan menurunnya kadar klorofil yaitu di JL. Mayjend Yono, JL. Dr. Soetomo, dan JL. Polisi Istimewa, (3) terdapat hubungan korelasi antara kadar (Pb) dan kadar klorofil daun (0,524>0,381). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa J.integerrima, H.rosa-sinensis, dan R.tweediana berpotensi sebagai absorban (Pb) di udara.

Kata kunci: hibiscus rosa-sinensis l.; jatropha integerrima jacq; kadar pb; kadar klorofil;  ruellia tweediana.  

Abstract. Air pollution is an atmospheric condition with high concentrations of toxic metals that exceed normal limits and are harmful to humans, animals or plants. Jatropha integerrima Jacq, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., and Ruellia tweediana have the potential to absorb (Pb) in the air. The aim of the study was to analyze the levels of (Pb), chlorophyll, and the relationship between levels of (Pb) and chlorophyll in the three plant species at different locations. Samples were obtained from three locations with different traffic volumes Mayjend Yono Soewoyo street (100,346.50 units/day), Dr. Soetomo street (58,997.80 units/day), and Polisi Istimewa Street (25,692.50 units/day) City of Surabaya. Each sample was taken as many as 15 leaves at the third node. Leaf (Pb) measurements were carried out by dry ashing method using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and chlorophyll content was measured by extraction method followed by analysis by Spectrophotometer. Data levels (Pb) and chlorophyll were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's test and correlation test with SPSS Statistics 26. The results showed that (1) Pb levels of the three plants from high to low J.integerrima (0.152±0.032mg/L); H.rosa-sinensis (0.042±0.008mg/L.); and R.tweediana (0.007±0.006mg/L), (2) chlorophyll content of plant leaves from high to low R.tweediana (33,891±0.510mg/L); H.rosa-sinensis (28.499±0.32mg/L.), and J. integerrima (10,597±1,697mg/L) high volume of vehicles followed by increasing levels of (Pb) and decreasing levels of chlorophyll, namely at Mayjend Yono street, Dr. Soetomo street, and Polisi Istimewa street,(3) there is a correlation between levels (Pb) and leaf chlorophyll content (0.524> 0.381). Can be concluded that J.integerrima, H.rosa-sinensis, and R.tweediana have the potential as absorbents (Pb) in the air.

Keywords: hibiscus rosa-sinensis l.; jatropha integerrima jacq; pb levels; chlorophyll content; ruellia tweediana.