Pengaruh Katalis Abu Cangkang Telur Terimpregnasi KOH Dalam Pembuatan  Biodiesel Dari Lemak Sapi (Beef Tallow)

The Effect of KOH Impregnated Eggshell Ash Catalyst in Making Biodiesel from Beef Tallow

Permintaan energi di dunia makin meningkat sedangkan persedian cadangan bahan bakar fosil makin sedikit sehingga dibutuhkan bahan bakar terbarukan seperti biodiesel. Pada penelitian ini biodiesel disintesis dari limbah lemak sapi menggunakan katalis CaO yang berasal dari cangkang telur ayam dan diimpregnasikan dengan katalis KOH 3, 6, dan 9 %. Katalis dikarakterisasi menggunakan teknik analisis XRD dan BET, sedangkan persen hasil dan jenis biodiesel dikarakterisasi dengan GC-MS. Persen hasil biodiesel terbaik yaitu 98,40% yang didapatkan dengan katalis CaO yang diimpregnasi dengan 3% KOH, berat katalis 3% dari berat minyak, rasio molar metanol terhadap minyak 12:1, waktu reaksi 3 jam, dan suhu reaksi 65 °C. Jenis biodiesel atau metil ester yang dihasilkan dari limbah lemak sapi didominasi oleh metil oleat, metil palmitate dan metil stearate. Selain itu, kualitas biodiesel meliputi bilangan asam, kadar air, densitas, dan viskositas dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode di SNI 7182:2015. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa katalis heterogen K₂O/ACT yang berasal dari limbah kulit telur ayam yang telah diimpregnasi dengan KOH memiliki aktivitas katalitik yang baik.

Kata Kunci: katalis heterogen, cangkang telur, KOH, lemak sapi, biodiesel

Energy demand in the world is increasing while the supply of fossil fuel reserves is decreasing, so renewable fuels such as biodiesel are needed. In this research, biodiesel was synthesized from waste beef fat using a CaO catalyst derived from chicken egg shells and impregnated with 3, 6, and 9% KOH catalyst. The catalyst was characterized using XRD and BET analysis techniques, while the percent yield and type of biodiesel were characterized using GC-MS. The best percent biodiesel yield, namely 98.40%, was obtained with a CaO catalyst impregnated with 3% KOH, a catalyst weight of 3% of the oil weight, a methanol to oil molar ratio of 12:1, a reaction time of 3 hours, and a reaction temperature of 65 °C. The type of biodiesel or methyl ester produced from beef fat waste is dominated by methyl oleate, methyl palmitate and methyl stearate. Apart from that, biodiesel quality including acid number, water content, density and viscosity is carried out using the method in SNI 7182:2015. The results of this research show that the K₂O/ACT heterogeneous catalyst derived from chicken eggshell waste that has been impregnated with KOH has good catalytic activity.

Keywords: heterogeneous catalyst, eggshell, KOH, beef tallow, biodiesel