Pemanfaatan Kompos Berbahan Baku Limbah Baglog dan Kulit Nanas Pada Bioremediasi Tanah Tercemar Limbah Oli

Utilization of Baglog Waste and Pineapple Peel Compost in Bioremediation of Oil Waste Contaminated Soil

Limbah oli mengandung campuran hidrokarbon yang sangat beracun, karsinogenik, baunya menyengat dan apabila dilepaskan ke lingkungan akan menurunkan kualitas tanah dan berbahaya bagi makhluk hidup di sekitarnya. Untuk mengurangi pencemaran limbah oli perlu dilakukan bioremediasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui 1) kualitas kompos berbahan limbah baglog dan kulit nanas, 2) pengaruh penambahan kompos berbahan limbah baglog dan kulit nanas terhadap penurunan kadar Total Petrolium Hidrokarbon (TPH) serta 3) jenis dan konsentrasi kompos yang optimal dalam menurunkan kadar TPH. Jenis penelitian ini eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan dua faktor perlakuan yaitu jenis kompos meliputi limbah baglog, kulit nanas, dan kombinasinya serta konsentrasi kompos sebesar 20%, 40%, dan 60% dengan lima kali pengulangan sehingga terdapat 45 sampel. Parameter yang diukur meliputi 1) kadar hara C, N, dan rasio C/N kompos, 2) kadar TPH, dan 3) penurunan kadar TPH. Data hasil uji kualitas kompos dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif berdasarkan kriteria kualitas kompos (Hardjowigeno, 2003). Data hasil degradasi TPH dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dua arah dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) kualitas kompos terbaik adalah kompos kulit nanas yang mengandung C 0,21%, N 1,57%, dan rasio C/N 0,135; 2) penambahan kompos limbah baglog dan kulit nanas berpengaruh dalam menurunkan kadar TPH; 3) jenis dan konsentrasi kompos yang optimal dalam menurunkan kadar TPH yaitu kompos kulit nanas pada konsentrasi 60% dengan penurunan kadar TPH sebesar 70,67%.

Kata kunci: limbah oli; bioremediasi; limbah baglog; kulit nanas; kadar TPH

Oil waste contains a mixture of hydrocarbons that highly toxic, carcinogenic, have a pungent odor and if released into the environment will degrade soil quality and be harmful to living things. To reduce waste oil pollution, bioremediation is necessary. This study aims to determine 1) the quality of compost made from baglog waste and pineapple peel, 2) the effect of adding baglog waste and pineapple peel compost to reduce Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) levels, 3) optimal type and concentration of compost in reducing TPH levels. This type of research was experimental using a randomized block design (RBD) with two treatment factors, the type of compost including baglog waste, pineapple peel, and their combination and the compost concentration of 20%, 40%, and 60% with five repetitions so there were 45 samples. Parameters measured included 1) C, N, and C/N ratio of compost, 2) TPH levels, and 3) TPH reduction. Data from the compost quality test were analyzed descriptively quantitatively based on the compost quality criteria (Hardjowigeno, 2003). TPH degradation data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and continued with Duncan's test. The results showed that 1) the best compost quality is pineapple peel compost containing 0.21% C, 1.57% N, and 0.135 C/N ratio; 2) the addition of baglog waste and pineapple peel has an effect on reducing TPH levels; 3) type and concentration compost that optimal in reducing TPH levels is pineapple peel compost at 60% with a decrease in TPH levels of 70.67%.

Keywords: oil waste; bioremediation; baglog waste; pineapple peel; TPH levels