Tahapan Psikologis Tokoh dalam Novel “Lukacita” Karya Valerie Patkar: Kajian Psikologi Sastra Erik Erikson

Psychological stages of Characters in the Novel "Lukacita" by Valerie Patkar: Psychological Study of Erik Erikson's Literature

Proses perkembangan manusia dalam kehidupan melalui tahap-tahap yang dapat mengubah diri manusia. Dalam tahap-tahap tersebut manusia mengalami kekecewaan karena hal-hal yang belum dapat dicapai. Fenomena tersebut terjadi pada usia-usia perkembangan, terutama pada masa quarter life crisis. Kekecewaan yang dialami manusia terjadi pada tokoh dalam novel “Lukacita” karya Valerie Patkar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kepercayadirian dan kerendahdirian tokoh, kekonsistenan dan kebingungan identitas tokoh, serta keintiman dan keterasingan tokoh dalam novel “Lukacita” karya Valerie Patkar. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan kajian psikologi sastra. Sumber data penelitian yakni novel “Lukacita” karya Valerie Patkar dengan data berupa kata, frasa, dan kalimat yang bersumber dari novel tersebut. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah studi pustaka sedangkan analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian berupa analisis deskriptif data-data (1) kepercayadirian dan kerendahdirian tokoh, (2) kekonsistenan dan kebingungan identitas tokoh, dan (3) keintiman dan keterasingan tokoh dalam novel “Lukacita” karya Valerie Patkar. Tiga tahap psikologi sosial Erik Erikson digunakan dalam penelitian, meliputi industri vs rendah diri, identitas vs kebingungan identitas, dan keintiman vs keterasingan. Penggunaan teori psikososial Erik Erikson dalam penelitian sesuai karena objek penelitian mengandung tiga tahap dari teori Erikson dan dapat dihasilkan jawaban dari rumusan masalah penelitian. 

The process of human development in life goes through stages that can change the human self. In these stages, humans experience disappointment because of things that have not been achieved. This phenomenon occurs at developmental ages, especially during the quarter life crisis. The disappointment experienced by humans occurs in the character in the novel "Lukacita" by Valerie Patkar. This research aims to describe the character's self-confidence and inferiority, the consistency and confusion of the character's identity, as well as the character's intimacy and isolation in the novel "Lukacita" by Valerie Patkar. The approach used in the research is qualitative using literary psychology studies. The research data source is the novel "Lukacita" by Valerie Patkar with data in the form of words, phrases and sentences originating from the novel. The data collection technique used in the research was literature study, while data analysis was carried out using descriptive analysis techniques. The results of the research are descriptive analysis of data on (1) the character's self-confidence and inferiority, (2) the consistency and confusion of the character's identity, and (3) the intimacy and isolation of the character in the novel "Lukacita" by Valerie Patkar. Erik Erikson's three stages of social psychology were used in the research, including industry vs inferiority, identity vs identity confusion, and intimacy vs alienation. The use of Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory in research is appropriate because the research object contains three stages of Erikson's theory and answers can be produced from the research problem formulation.