Representasi Identitas Gender dan Seksualitas Tokoh Marginal Dalam Novel Rima Rima Tiga Jiwa Karya Akasa Dwipa: Kajian Teori Queer

Representation of Gender Identity and Sexuality of Marginal Characters of Akasa Dwipas Novel : Queer Study

Kelompok dengan identitas gender dan seksualitas non- heteronormatif di Indonesia masih menghadapi tekanan sosial yang sistemik melalui wacana agama, hukum, dan media. Komnas Perempuan (2024) mencatat peningkatan 61 persen kasus kekerasan berbasis gender terhadap perempuan minoritas seksual sepanjang 2023. Novel Rima Rima Tiga Jiwa karya Akasa Dwipa menghadirkan tiga tokoh marginal yaitu Silvy (waria), Susanto (biseksual), dan Rima (pekerja seks) yang akan dikaji menggunakan kerangka teori queer. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konstruksi identitas gender, mensintesiskan representasi seksualitas, dan mengkritisi bentuk-bentuk resistensi terhadap heteronormativitas dalam novel. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian dilaksanakan melalui pembacaan intensif terhadap novel Rima Rima Tiga Jiwa sebagai sumber data utama. Data berupa kata, frasa, kalimat, dan paragraf yang merepresentasikan identitas gender, seksualitas, dan resistensi tokoh marginal. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik simak catat melalui close reading tiga tahap. Instrumen utama penelitian adalah peneliti sebagai human instrument yang didukung lembar kodifikasi data. Analisis data menggunakan kerangka performativitas gender Judith Butler (1990) dan seksualitas sebagai produk wacana Michel Foucault (1978). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa identitas gender direpresentasikan sebagai konstruksi aktif melalui bahasa, tubuh, dan pengalaman sejak dini, seksualitas direpresentasikan sebagai produk wacana kekuasaan yang tidak pernah netral, dan resistensi terwujud dalam empat bentuk yang saling melengkapi.

Kata Kunci: representasi, identitas gender, seksualitas, heteronormativitas, teori queer, tokoh marginal.

Individuals with non-heteronormative gender identities and sexualities in Indonesia continue to face systemic social pressure through religious, legal, and media discourses. Komnas Perempuan (2024) recorded a 61 percent increase in gender-based violence cases against sexual minority women throughout 2023. Akasa Dwipas novel Rima Rima Tiga Jiwa presents three marginal characters Silvy (a waria), Susanto (bisexual), and Rima (a sex worker) whose representations will be examined using a queer theory framework. This study aims to analyze the construction of gender identity, synthesize the representation of sexuality, and critically examine forms of resistance to heteronormativity within the novel. The method employed is descriptive qualitative. The study was conducted through intensive reading of Rima Rima Tiga Jiwa as the primary data source. Data consist of words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs representing the gender identity, sexuality, and resistance of marginal characters. Data were collected using a note-taking technique through three-stage close reading. The primary research instrument is the researcher as a human instrument, supported by a data codification sheet. Data analysis employed Judith Butlers gender performativity framework (1990) and Michel Foucaults notion of sexuality as a discursive product (1978). The study identified that gender identity is represented as an active construction built through language, the body, and early-life experiences, sexuality is represented as a product of power discourse that is never neutral, and resistance manifests in four complementary forms.

Keywords: representation, gender identity, sexuality, heteronormativity, queer theory, marginal characters.