Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian untuk Mengukur Kemampuan Literasi Sains Siswa SMA Kelas XI pada Materi Sistem Ekskresi

Development of Assessment Instruments to Measure Science Literacy Skills of 11^th Grade High School Students on Excretory System Material

Pendidikan sains abad ke-21 bertujuan mempersiapkan siswa menggunakan pemahaman ilmiah untuk memecahkan masalah sehari-hari melalui literasi sains. Dalam mengukur kemampuan literasi sains, diperlukan pengembangan instrumen penilaian yang sesuai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen penilaian yang layak digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan literasi sains siswa SMA kelas XI pada materi sistem ekskresi yang ditinjau dari validitas teoritis dan empiris, serta mendeskripsikan profil kemampuan literasi sains siswa. Model pengembangan yang digunakan adalag ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluate). Validitas teoritis dilakukan oleh dosen ahli, berdasarkan aspek materi, konstruksi, dan bahasa. Validitas empiris dianalisis berdasarkan hasil uji coba terbatas di kelas XI-2 SMA Labschool Unesa 1 yang meliputi validitas empiris butir soal, reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran, dan daya pembeda soal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan validitas teoritis sebesar 96,5% dengan interpretasi sangat valid, validitas empiris butir soal diperoleh 18 soal valid serta 2 soal tidak valid. Reliabilitas instrumen penilaian dinyatakan reliabel dengan rata-rata skor 0,71. Tingkat kesukaran soal objektif mencakup 1 soal mudah, 7 soal sedang, dan 1 soal sulit, sedangkan soal subjektif, 10 soal sedang dan 1 soal sulit. Daya pembeda soal objektif menunjukkan 3 soal kurang dan 6 soal cukup, sedangkan soal subjektif, 4 soal kurang, 6 soal cukup, dan 1 soal baik. Profil literasi sains siswa menunjukkan 17% kategori tinggi, 60% sedang, dan 23% rendah. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah instrumen penilaian yang dikembangkan untuk mengukur kemampuan literasi sains siswa SMA kelas XI pada materi Sistem Ekskresi layak digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan literasi sains siswa pada materi Sistem Ekskresi berdasarkan validitas teoritis dan empiris

Kata Kunci: instrumen penilaian, kemampuan literasi sains, materi Sistem Ekskresi

Science education in 21st century aims to prepare students to use scientific understanding to solve everyday problems through science literacy. To train and measure science literacy skills, it is necessary to develop assessment instruments that are in accordance with 21st century competencies. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an assessment instrument to measure students' science literacy skills on excretory system material. This study aims to develop an assessment instrument suitable for measuring the scientific literacy skills of 11th-grade high school students on the topic of the excretory system, evaluated in terms of theoretical and empirical validity, as well as to describe the profile of the students' scientific literacy skills. This research method used the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Theoretical validity was conducted by expert lecturers, based on material, construction, and language aspects. Empirical validity was analyzed based on the results of a limited trial in class XI-2 SMA Labschool Unesa 1, which included empirical validity of the items, reliability, difficulty level, and question differentiation. The results showed a theoretical validity of 96.5%, with 18 valid and 2 invalid empirical questions. The instrument was reliable with a score of 0.71. Objective questions included 1 easy, 7 medium, and 1 difficult question, while subjective questions included 10 medium and 1 difficult question. The distinguishing power of objective questions included 3 lacking and 6 sufficient questions; subjective questions included 4 lacking, 6 sufficient, and 1 good question. Students' science literacy profile showed 17% high, 60% medium, and 23% low. The study concluded that the assessment instrument was valid for measuring the science literacy skills of grade XI students on excretory system material.

Keywords: assessment instrument, science literacy skills, excretory system material