Pengaruh Cekaman Kekeringan Terhadap Stomata dan Trikoma pada Daun Tanaman Semangka (Citrullus lanatus)
Effect of Drought Stress on Stomata and Trichome in Watermelon Leaves (Citrullus lanatus)
Semangka tumbuh baik dilahan gembur kaya unsur hara serta wajib mendapat penyinaran matahari penuh seharian. Semangka merupakan tanaman yang tahan panas namun memiliki waktu ambang batas cekaman kekeringan. Cekaman kekeringan menimbulkan kerusakan pada tanaman semangka baik kerusakan morfologi dan anatomi. Stomata dan trikoma daun semangka dapat digunakan sebagai tolak ukur kerusakan anatomi akibat cekaman kekeringan. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui pengaruh cekaman kekeringan terhadap stomata dan trikoma, mengetahui pengaruh cekaman kekeringan terhadap karakteristik stomata dan trikoma. Penelitian ini berupa eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 kali ulangan. Data diuji secara kuantitatif menggunakan uji Anova dan uji Duncan taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah stomata menurun dengan jumlah tertinggi 52 kategori ‘cukup banyak’, kerapatan stomata menurun dengan nilai kerapatan 263,95 kategori ‘rendah’, panjang stomata menurun dengan rerata tertinggi 21,26 µm kategori ‘panjang’, dan lebar stomata menurun dengan rerata tertinggi 13,36 µm kategori ‘kurang lebar’. Jumlah trikoma menurun dengan rerata 4 kategori ‘sedikit’, kerapatan trikoma menurun dengan rerata 21,40 kategori ‘rendah’, panjang trikoma naik dengan nilai 331,57 µm kategori ‘sangat panjang’, lebar trikoma mengecil dengan rerata tertinggi 62,59 µm kategori ‘sangat lebar’, dan jumlah sel penyusun serta sel basal semakin banyak. Waktu maksimal tanaman semangka mengalami cekaman kekeringan tanpa penyiraman air adalah 3 hari dan harus dilakukan penyiraman kembali.
Kata Kunci: cekaman kekeringan, semangka, karakteristik stomata, dan karakteristik trikoma
Watermelon grows well in loose soil rich in nutrients and must get full sun all day. Watermelon is a heat-resistant plant but has a drought stress threshold. Drought stress causes damage to watermelon plants both in morphology and anatomy. Stomata and trichome of watermelon leaves can be used as a benchmark for anatomical damage due to drought stress. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of drought stress on stomata and trichome, to determine the effect of drought stress on the characteristics of stomata and trichome. This research was an experimental study using a randomized block design (RBD) with 5 treatments and 5 replications. Data were tested quantitatively using the Anova test and Duncan's test at 5% level. The results showed that the number of stomata decreased with the highest number being 52 in the 'quite a lot' category, stomata density decreased with a density value of 263.95 in the 'low' category, stomata length decreased with the highest average of 21.26 µm in the 'long' category, and stomata width decreased with the highest average is 13.36 µm in the 'less wide' category. The number of trichome decreased with an average of 4 categories of 'slight', the density of trichome decreased with an average of 21.40 in the 'low' category, the length of trichome increased with a value of 331.57 µm in the 'very long' category, the width of trichome decreased with the highest average of 62.59 µm in the category 'very wide', and the number of constituent cells and basal cells increases. The maximum time for watermelon plants to experience drought stress without watering is 3 days and must be watered again.
Keywords: drought stress, watermelon, stomata characteristics, and trichome characteristics