ANALISIS PENCAPAIAN LEVEL KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR SEJARAH (HISTORICAL THINKING SKILLS) MATERI SEJARAH INDONESIA MASA PROKLAMASI KEMERDEKAAN PADA SISWA KELAS XI SMAN 1 BALONGPANGGANG GRESIK

ANALYSIS OF THE ACHIEVEMENT OF HISTORICAL THINKING SKILLS IN INDONESIAN HISTORY MATERIALS DURING THE PROCLAMATION OF INDEPENDENCE AMONG STUDENTS IN GRADE XI AT SMAN 1 BALONGPANGGANG GRESIK

Kemampuan berpikir sejarah merupakan keterampilan esensial yang perlu dimiliki peserta didik untuk memahami peristiwa masa lalu secara kritis, analitis, dan reflektif. Dalam pembelajaran Sejarah Indonesia, kemampuan ini mendukung tujuan Kurikulum Merdeka, yakni membekali peserta didik dengan kecakapan berpikir kronologis, analisis sumber, dan penilaian etis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pencapaian level kemampuan berpikir sejarah peserta didik pada materi Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan metode campuran (mixed method) dengan desain studi kasus. Subjek penelitian dipilih secara purposive sampling, yaitu siswa kelas XI-3 SMAN 1 Balongpanggang, Gresik. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes kemampuan berpikir sejarah, angket refleksi, observasi pembelajaran, dan wawancara guru berdasarkan enam konsep berpikir sejarah Seixas dan Morton. Analisis data menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman melalui tahapan reduksi, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variasi capaian peserta didik pada enam aspek berpikir sejarah. Aspek kesinambungan-perubahan, perspektif sejarah, dimensi etis, serta bukti berada pada level tinggi. Sementara aspek signifikansi sejarah dan sebab-akibat berada pada level sedang, karena peserta didik telah mampu mengenali peristiwa penting dan hubungan kausal sederhana, namun analisisnya masih terbatas pada pemahaman faktual tanpa pendalaman makna dan relevansi yang lebih kompleks. Secara keseluruhan, kemampuan berpikir sejarah peserta didik telah berkembang, tetapi belum merata. Diperlukan strategi pembelajaran berbasis analisis sumber autentik, diskusi multi-perspektif, dan refleksi kritis agar peserta didik mampu menafsirkan makna sejarah secara lebih mendalam.

Kata kunci: Kemampuan Berpikir Sejarah, Proklamasi Kemerdekaan, Sejarah Indonesia, Pembelajaran Sejarah.

Historical thinking skills are essential for students to understand past events critically, analytically, and reflectively. In Indonesian history education, these skills support the objectives of the Merdeka Curriculum, which is to equip students with chronological thinking, source analysis, and ethical judgment skills. This study aims to analyze the achievement level of students' historical thinking skills on the material of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence. The study uses a mixed method with a case study design. The research subjects were selected using purposive sampling, namely students of class XI-3 of SMAN 1 Balongpanggang, Gresik. Data were collected through historical thinking ability tests, reflection questionnaires, learning observations, and teacher interviews based on the six concepts of historical thinking by Seixas and Morton. Data analysis used the interactive model of Miles and Huberman through the stages of reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing.  The results showed variations in students' achievements in six aspects of historical thinking. The aspects of continuity-change, historical perspective, ethical dimension, and evidence were at a high level. Meanwhile, the aspects of historical significance and cause and effect were at a moderate level, because students were able to recognize important events and simple causal relationships, but their analysis was still limited to factual understanding without deeper meaning and more complex relevance. Overall, students' historical thinking skills have developed, but not evenly. Learning strategies based on authentic source analysis, multi-perspective discussions, and critical reflection are needed so that students are able to interpret historical meaning more deeply.

Keywords: historical thinking skills, Proclamation of Independence, Indonesian history, history learning